Nuyts的(交互)主观性理论评述

Review of Nuyts’(Inter) subjectivity Theory

主观性作为当代认知-功能语言学的一个重要主题,在不同研究者那里得到了不同的诠释。认知-功能语言学家Nuyts的(交互)主观性理论自成一体,专注于情态范畴的主观性,将主观性视为言据性的一个维度。该理论的优点体现在对主观性与交互主观性的并重、功能-认知主义的路向、较强的可操作性及坚实的实证基础上,但也存在有待完善之处。就(交互)主观性而言,对其定义范围过窄,难以拓展至情态以外的主观性范畴;(交互)主观性的形式标准缺乏自洽性;对其内涵的理解严重受制于言据性概念。就情态而言,对该概念似有扩大化之嫌;对情态(交互)主观性的判断标准似乎互相抵牾,并严重依赖于显性句法主语。

As an important theme in contemporary cognitive-functional linguistics,subjectivity has received different interpretations from different researchers. The(inter) subjectivity theory as proposed by cognitive-functional linguist Nuyts seems sui generis in that it is specially designed for modality,which regards subjectivity as an evidential dimension. This theory is recommendable in equal importance attached to subjectivity and intersubjectivity,its functional-cognitive approach,strong operability and solid empirical basis. However,it also leaves much to be desired. Concerning the concept of(inter) subjectivity,the overly narrow definition of subjectivity renders it hard to extend to other subjectivity categories than modality;there is lack of self-consistency in the formal criteria for(inter) subjectivity;and the import of(inter) subjectivity is severely constrained by the concept of evidentiality. Concerning the concept of modality,it seems to be overly expanded;the criteria concerning the subjectivity and intersubjectivity of modality seems to run counter to each other,and relies heavily on explicit syntactic subject.