基于中国主体功能区划的国家与省级点-轴结构解析

Spatial analysis of national-provincial pole-axis structure based on major function zoning in China

中国主体功能区划作为国土空间开发保护的基础制度,其空间结构是各级各类空间规划遵循的重要约束性指标以及主体功能区精准落地的关键参数。本文将面状功能区纳入点-轴系统结构,探索主体功能区点-轴结构的科学内涵,以中国主体功能区划为研究对象,聚焦国家与省级层面,着重从主体功能区点-轴结构的要素构成、功能区与点-轴结构的空间分异、以及功能区与点-轴结构的相互作用三个方面进行解析。研究结果表明:①中国主体功能区划这张图本身就蕴含着点-轴系统结构,城市化地区是不同等级极核的集合,极核的等级和空间分布决定了开发轴线;②点-轴地域开发系统、农业发展和生态安全地区呈现圈层式的结构特征,随着距离轴线越远,城市化类型比重越低、生态安全类型比重越高,点-轴结构受粮食安全与生态安全保障需求的约束;③无论是国家和省级层面,联系最紧密的区域连线与开发轴线基本吻合,不同层级等级较高的城市化功能主导区域之间的相互作用决定了主体功能区点-轴的拓扑结构,这在自然约束较弱、人类活动相对强度的区域更为显著。本文的研究成果有助于科学认知主体功能区的科学内涵及有序化的空间组织规律,为国土空间规划及功能区降尺度传导提供关键指标与参数,也将为中国综合地理区划提供重要的参考。

As the basic system of national spatial development and protection in China, the spatial structure of the major function zoning in China is an important constrain index for various levels of spatial planning and the key parameters for the precise landing of the major function zoning. In this paper, the planar function zones are brought into the structure of the point-axis system, and the scientific connotation of the point-axis structure of the major function zones is explored. This study aims to explore the major function zoning of China at the national and provincial levels from three aspects: the elements of the point-axis structure of the major function zones, the spatial differentiation between the function zones and the pointaxis structure and the interaction between the function zones and the point-axis structure. The results show that:(1) the map of major function zoning in China contains the point-axis system structure. The urbanization zones is a collection of polar cores of different grades and the development axis is determined by the level and spatial distribution of polar cores;(2) the pointaxis region development system, the agricultural development and ecological security zones show the characteristic of layer structure, the farther away the axis is, the lower the proportion of urbanization zones is and the higher the proportion of ecological security zones is, and the point-axis structure is constrained by the demand of food security and ecological security;(3)whether at the national or provincial levels, the most closely connected regional linkages is basically consistent with the development axis, and the interaction between the dominant regions with higher level of urbanization function in different levels determines the topological structure of the point-axis of the major function zones, which is more obvious in the region with the weak natural constraints and the relatively strong human activities. The results of this paper are helpful to scientifically cognize the scientific connotation and spatial organization law of the major function zoning, and provide the key indexes and parameters for the spatial planning and downscaling landing of the major function zones and also provide an important reference for the comprehensive geographical regionalization of China.