世界一流大学空间集聚对研发密集型企业空间布局的影响——以美国为例

The influence of the spatial agglomeration of the world first-class universities on the spatial distribution of R&D intensive enterprises: A case study of the United States

以美国为例,运用矢量数据符号法、核密度估计,结合负二项回归模型,研究世界一流大学空间集聚对研发密集型企业空间布局的影响,得出以下结论:①美国一流大学和研发密集型企业高等级集聚区主要有东北沿海大都市带、硅谷地区、芝加哥都市区和洛杉矶都市区,两者呈现高度的空间集聚性和空间匹配性。②美国研发密集型企业偏向于选择与自身从事研发领域相关的一流学科空间集聚区进行布局。③美国一流大学和研发密集型企业的高值热点区集中在硅谷地区,呈半圆形辐射状,较高值热点区主要分布在东北沿海大都市带,呈带状辐射。④为寻求创新资源禀赋,获取知识溢出经济,共享创新基础设施,降低技术转移成本,获得创新集群优势,研发密集型企业优先选择一流大学集聚区进行空间布局。

The world first-class universities can continuously provide innovative talents,generate new knowledge and generate new businesses for the public, and have become the focus of global attention. The R&D intensive enterprises mean more investment in R&D,greater R&D strength, technology and innovation as the fundamental, realize its sustained and rapid development of enterprises, and the spatial distribution of R&D intensive enterprises is the microcosmic basis for understanding the regional economic transformation. This paper is based on the microcosmic data of world first-class universities and R&D intensive enterprises,by using vector data notation, kernel density estimation combined with the negative two regression model, taking the United States as an example, to study the influence mechanism of spatial agglomeration of world first-class universities on R&D intensive enterprises’ spatial layout. The results shows that:(1) The world first-class universities and R&D intensive enterprises highly concentrated area mainly include the northeast coastal metropolitan zone, the Chicago metropolitan area, the Silicon Valley area and the Los Angeles metropolitan area,which present a high degree of agglomeration and spatial matching in the USA.(2) The software and computer services R&D enterprises are mainly concentrated in Silicon Valley,New York and Miami, the technology hardware and equipment R&D enterprises mainly concentrated in Silicon Valley, Los Angeles and New York;the pharmaceutical and biotechnology R&D enterprises mainly concentrated in Silicon Valley and New York;the health care equipment and R&D enterprises mainly concentrated in Silicon Valley and Boston,and R&D intensive enterprises prefer to choose the world first-rate subject space agglomeration area related to their own R&D field in the USA.(3) The high value hot spots in the first-class universities and R&D intensive enterprises are concentrated in the Silicon Valley area, showing a semicircular radiation pattern, and the higher value hot spots are mainly distributed in the northeast coastal metropolitan zone, showing the band radiation.(4) In order to seek innovative resource endowment, acquire knowledge spillover economy, share innovation infrastructure,reduce technology transfer cost, and get the advantage of innovation cluster, R&D intensive enterprises choose the first-class university agglomeration area for spatial layout.