唐家河国家级自然保护区林麝排便点偏好

Latrine Preference of Forest Musk Deer Moschus berezovskii in Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province

林麝(Moschus berezovskii)是重要的资源动物,也是生态系统中的重要一员,由于过度捕猎和栖息地破碎化等导致其种群急剧下降。恢复林麝种群的根本方法是保护和恢复其栖息地。林麝的排便点分布在其整个活动区内,且有很好的指示作用。本研究通过分析林麝排便点位置,了解林麝栖息地选择偏好。在唐家河国家级自然保护区内不同海拔梯度布置17个1 km × 1 km的样方,每个样方内至少1条样线,样线每隔400 m设置搜索样线,以发现排便点为中心设置1个10 m × 10 m 利用样方,若未发现排便点,在搜索样线中部设置1个10 m × 10 m 对照样方,并记录样方内的生境因子。采用Ivlev的选择性指数、广义线性模型及多重对应法分析林麝对生境因子的偏好。结果发现,林麝最为偏好的植被类型为针阔混交林(E=0.528),而规避常绿阔叶林(E=﹣1)、次生落叶阔叶林(E=﹣0.816)和常绿落叶阔叶林(E=﹣0.585)。此外,海拔、灌丛盖度和坡度也显著影响林麝栖息地偏好,其排便点集中分布在海拔2 000~2 600 m区间,并且偏好有一定灌丛盖度且坡度陡的生境。

Forest Musk Deer (Moschus berezovskii) is an important member of ecosystem and has great commercial value also.Forest musk deer is threatened by poaching for musk pod and habitat fragmentation.Therefore,Studying on Musk Deer’s habitat preferences plays a crucial role in protecting their habitat.Musk Deer is a solitary mammal and is not easily found in the field.However,Musk deer has a specific defecation behavior that they uses repeatedly one or more specific defecation sites.Those latrines can be found through out its habitat.In order understand the habitat preference of Forest Musk Deer in Tangjiahe National Nature reserve,we selected 17 quadrats of 1 km × 1 km in size through out the elevation gradient 2 300﹣3 200 m (Fig.1).Within each quadrat,we checked the deer latrine by walking a transect of 2.5 km length and 10 meter width.We also recorded both biotic and abiotic factors within the transcetion.Ivlev’s electivity index,generalized linear model and multiple correspondence analysis were used to analyze the data.We found that the forest musk deer prefers to use latrine sites in coniferous and broad leaf forests (E=0.528) and avoid evergreen broad-leaved forest (E =﹣1),secondary deciduous broad-leaved forest (E =﹣0.816) and evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest (E =﹣0.585).Latrines of musk deer were densely distributed between 2 000 m and 2 600 m altitude.Further more,shrub coverage and slope have a crucially influence in latrine preference of forest musk deer (Table 2,3).