嗅球切除动物模型的特点和应用研究进展

Progress in characteristics and application of olfactory bulbectomy animal model

啮齿类动物双侧嗅球切除(olfactory bulbectomy,OBX)后产生一系列行为学和神经生化改变,这些改变能够模拟抑郁症患者的部分临床表现,慢性给予抗抑郁药能够逆转这些变化,急性给药无效。OBX模型有较好的表观效度、结构效度和预测效度,被广泛应用于抑郁症发病机制的研究和抗抑郁药物的筛选。此外,OBX模型与阿尔茨海默症(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)在行为学和病理改变方面有一些共同表现,如学习记忆能力的降低和β-淀粉样蛋白(amyloid-βprotein,Aβ)的沉积等。本文对嗅觉与抑郁和AD的关系、OBX模型的建立方法和行为学特点、皮层和海马结构和生化的改变以及该模型在抑郁和AD中的应用进行介绍,为该模型更好地应用于抗抑郁及抗AD药物的研发提供参考。

In rodents,bilateral olfactory bulbectomy(OBX) results in a series of changes in behaviors and neurobiology,similar to the clinical symptoms of depression in patients.These changes can be reversed by chronic but not acute treatment of antidepressants.Owing to the face,construct and predictive validities,the OBX model has been used to investigate the mechanisms of depression,screen for antidepressants,and reveal the mechanism of drug action.In addition,there are certain features in OBX animals resembling those of patients with Alzheimer’s disease(AD),including the impaired learning and memory ability and the accumulation of amyloid-β protein(Aβ).In this review,we present the association between olfaction and depression or AD,the surgical procedure of OBX,the behavioral features of OBX animals,the abnormal changes in cortex and hippocampus,and the application of this model for studying depression and AD.These lines of information are important for the development of antidepressant and anti-dementia drugs using this model.