提供社会化服务还是流转土地自营:对农机合作社发展转型的案例研究

Providing Outsourcing Services or Transferring Land and Servicing for Themselves: A Case Study on the Development and Transition of Agricultural Machinery Cooperatives

农机社会化服务组织是我国新型农业经营体系的组成部分,在保障粮食安全生产中发挥了重要作用。然而近年来,江苏和黑龙江等地的一些农机社会化服务组织由提供社会化服务转向流转和自营土地。本文通过构建理论模型和多案例比较分析,解释了此现象背后的机制。研究发现:(1)土地的细碎化增加了农机社会化服务的搜寻成本和讨价还价成本;(2)在农机社会化服务组织为农户提供生产性服务时,由于信息不对称和监督困难,易出现机会主义行为和敲竹杠行为,形成较高的交易成本,导致效率低下;(3)土地的细碎化和由信息不对称带来的交易成本,诱发了农机社会化服务组织由提供社会化服务转向自行流转土地和农业生产经营,实现农机服务内部化。以农机社会化服务为代表的农业生产性服务的转型与发展预示着我国农业经营体系出现了"小农+农机社会化服务体系"、纵向一体化合作与混合形态并存的多元化市场结构。在此基础上,提出了相应的政策建议。

Agricultural machinery service enterprises(AMSEs) is an important part of the agri-business system in China and it contributes a lot to food security. However, some AMSEs in Heilongjiang and Jiangsu Provinces have switched from providing agricultural machinery service into farm production. This paper develops a model and provides an empirical study to explain the mechanism behind this change. It finds out that:(1) Land fragmentation leads to high negotiation cost for AMSE.(2) When AMSE provides specialized services to customers, opportunistic behavior of customers takes place due to difficulties in confimation of the quality and quantity of service.(3)Transaction cost caused by land fragmentation and information asymmetry between customer and AMSE leads to the birth of new firms which avoid trading in services. This change and restructuring indicates that agri-business system is becoming more mixed, including" Agricultural machinery service enterprises(AMSEs) plus small farmers", vertical integration and other models. Based on those findings, the article puts forward corresponding policy recommendations.