全叶青兰花的挥发油成分分析及其除草活性检测

Chemical Composition and Phytotoxic Activity of the Essential Oil of Dracocephalum integrifolium Bunge(Labiatae) Flowers

运用水蒸气蒸馏法对全叶青兰(Dracocephalum integrifolium Bunge)盛花期的花进行了挥发性成分提取,以气相色谱-质谱联用法对全叶青兰花的挥发油成分进行了组成成分分析并对其植物毒活性进行了检测。共33种挥发油成分被鉴定,主要为单萜、含氧单萜、倍半萜和含氧倍半萜成分。全叶青兰花的挥发油主要成分为桉叶油醇(Eucalyptol,15.55%)、红没药醇(α-bisabolol,10.29%)、顺式-(+)-橙花叔醇〔nerolidol,cis-(+)-,8.81%〕、β-蒎烯(β-pinene,8.25%)、罗勒烯〔(E)-β-ocimene,7.44%〕和α-侧柏烯(α-thujene,5.45%)。全叶青兰花挥发油在2 mL/L的用量下即完全抑制反枝苋和早熟禾种子萌发,同时对稗的幼苗生长也表现出一定的抑制作用,其总体趋势为低促高抑。

The essential oil from the flowers of Dracocephalum integrifolium Bunge was isolated by hydrodistillation.The chemical composition was analyzed by GC-MS and the phytotoxic activity was tested.Thirty three compounds were identified,which was mainly composed of monoterpenes,oxygen-containing monoterpenes,sesquiterpenes and oxygen-containing sesquiterpenes.The main constituents of the oil were eucalyptol(15.55%),α-bisabolol(10.29%),nerolidol,cis-(+)-(8.81%),β-pinene(8.25%),(E)-β-ocimene(7.44%)andα-thujene(5.45%).The essential oil completely inhibited the seed growth of Amaranthus retroflexus and Poa annua at 2 mL/L.Meanwhile,it exhibited certain activity on the growth of Echinochloa crusgalli.In general,the oil possessed promotive activity at low concentration and inhibitory activity at high concentration.