地下采煤区地质灾害发育空间特征及其成因

Spatial Characteristics and Genesis of Geological Disasters in Underground Coal Mining Area

以太原市万柏林区为研究区,收集区内崩塌、滑坡、不稳定斜坡和地面塌陷四种地质灾害分布信息,选取数字地貌因子、地下采煤区范围、地质构造与岩性、植被覆盖度和土地利用信息为地质灾害发育特征因子,基于Arc GIS空间分析功能,分析了研究区地质灾害的发育空间特征及其成因。结果表明:研究区内地质灾害在地貌特征上主要发育于1 000~1 300 m高程位、5°~15°坡度区间,东北向分布最多,西北向分布最少;灾害点距地质构造越远,受其控制越弱,灾害点空间走向上呈带状分布,与地质构造走向呈现较强吻合度,而中厚层具泥化夹层软硬相间砂页岩夹煤层岩组是地质灾害的高发育区;植被密集区是研究区内地质灾害高发区;地下采煤区范围内地质灾害发育数量占到研究区总灾害点数量的一半。因此,地下采煤扰动影响是研究区内地质灾害发育的主要成因,但地质灾害发育同时受东西向线状地质构造控制。

Wanbailin district of Taiyuan city was used as research area to collect information on the distribution of four geological hazards such as collapse, landslide, unstable slope and ground collapse in the area. Digital geomorphic factors, underground coal mining area, geological structure and lithology, vegetation cover and land use information were selected as geological hazard development characteristic factors. And based on Arc GIS spatial analysis function, spatial developmental characteristics and genesis of geological hazards were determined in the study area. The results show that the geological hazards in the study area are mainly developed in the 1 000~1 300 m elevation, 5°~15° slope, maximum hazards are distributed in the northeast and the minimum in northwest. The farther the disaster site is from the geological structure, the weaker it is controlled. The spatial trend of disaster points is zonal distribution and has goodness of fit with geological structure trend. While the medium-thick layer with the muddy interlayer soft and hard interphase sand shale is high-developing areas of geological disaster. Both vegetation cover and land use show that the densely populated areas are high-geological areas in the study area. The number of geological disasters within the underground coal mining area accounts for half of the total number of disasters in the study area. Therefore, the impact of underground coal mining disturbance is the main cause of the development of geological disasters in the study area, but the development of geological disasters is controlled by the east-west linear geological structure.