“双一流”建设对大学学科调整的影响

The Impact of the “Double First-class” Plan on the Adjustment of Disciplines in China’s Universities

大学学科的调整与发展受许多因素影响.影响中世纪大学学科安排的因素主要是学者的兴趣和源于希腊哲学的学术探究的欲望.在大学近代化过程中对大学学科的调整与发展起重要影响作用的主要是科学革命所引起的科学发展与学科分化.影响现代大学学科调整与发展的因素日益复杂,其中许多来自于科学知识体系与大学的外部,诸如社会经济发展、政治制度变动等.在中华人民共和国成立70年的大学学科发展过程中,政府始终发挥着主要的指导与影响作用."双一流"建设项目的实施是政府指导与影响大学学科调整和发展的又一重要举措.获得"双一流"建设项目的大学为了建设世界一流学科制定了学科发展规划,集群组合、领域构建和生态布局成为学科调整与发展的一些主要方式.

The adjustment and development of disciplines are influenced by many factors in universities. In the medieval universities, the main factors influencing the arrangement of disciplines were the interest of scholars and their desire to do academic inquiry originating from Greek philosophy. In the process of university modernization, the scientific development and discipline differentiation caused by the scientific revolution have played an important role in the adjustment and development of university disciplines. The factors influencing the adjustment and development of disciplines in modern universities are becoming more and more complex, many of which come from the system of scientific knowledge and the external aspects of universities, such as social and economic development, political system changes, etc. Over the past 70 years of the development of university disciplines in the People’s Republic of China, the government has always played a major guiding and influential role. The implementation of the“ double first-class” plan is another important measure the government has taken to guide and influence the adjustment and development of university disciplines. In order to build world-class disciplines, universities listed in the“ double first-class” project have formulated plans for the development of disciplines, which are characterized by building a cluster of different disciplines, exploring new fields and striving for an ecological layout in the development of disciplines.