生源效应:居住空间阶层化与教育不平等

The Effect of Students’ Social Composition: Residential Segregation and Educational Inequality

随着中国房地产业的快速发展,居住空间阶层化趋势开始出现,而居住空间的阶层化也将作用于包括教育在内的人们对公共服务的摄取.那么,居住空间的阶层化对教育不平等有着怎样的影响呢?根据以往研究,教育资源获取的阶层差异被看作是导致教育不平等重要原因,因此居住空间阶层化与教育资源获取的阶层差异有着互为因果、彼此强化的关系.一方面对教育资源的差异化追求会导致居住空间阶层化,而另一方面居住空间的阶层化又反过来起到垄断特定教育资源和阻隔其他阶层享有特定教育资源的作用.本研究则注意到,在控制学校资源的条件下,学校学生的社会构成这一因素本身也会作用于教育不平等,即所谓的"生源效应"是存在的,而正是由于"生源效应"的存在,居住空间的阶层化还可以通过影响学校生源的社会构成而作用于教育不平等.

With the rapid development of China’s real estate industry, the trend of residential segregation has begun to appear in China, which will affect the equality in people’s access to public services, including education. With the assumption of the spatial imbalance in the distribution of educational resources, the effect of residential segregation on educational inequality is often seen as the result of the differences in the access to educational resources for different residents. Our empirical analysis shows that the impact of residential segregation on educational inequality is caused not only by the differential access to( high-quality) educational resources, but also by changing the social composition of school students.