德摩斯梯尼的泛希腊政策与实践

A Study on the Demosthenes’ Panhellenic Policy and Its Practice

在漫长的政治生涯中,德摩斯梯尼提出了一系列具有泛希腊主义倾向的对外政策。这些泛希腊政策以组织希腊城邦同盟抵抗马其顿扩张为主要目标,同时还兼有重建雅典霸权和扩张民主政制的次要目标。从各个方面来看,德摩斯梯尼的泛希腊政策都有一定的合理性,并非纯粹的政治宣传或者借泛希腊主义维护雅典利益的伪善。最终的失败,并不是德摩斯梯尼泛希腊政策本身的问题,而是希腊城邦政治碎片化和腓力二世统治下的马其顿王国过于强大所导致的结果。

During his long political career, Demosthenes has proposed a series of foreign policies with Panhellenic character. These Panhellenic policies were mainly aimed at organizing the Greek city-state to form an alliance to resist the expansion of Macedonia, and at the same time, they also had the secondary goals of rebuilding the hegemony of Athens and expanding the democratic political system in Greek world. From all aspects, Demosthenes’ Panhellenic policy has certain rationality, which is not pure political propaganda or hypocrisy of defending the interests of Athens through Panhellenic policy. The final failure in Chaeronea was not the failure of Demosthenes’ Panhellenic policy, but the defeat of his city and all of Greeks under the political fragmentation of the Greek world and the greater power of the Macedonian kingdom ruled by Philip Ⅱ.