特殊作业环境下肾损伤的防护

Protection of renal injury under special working environment

我国疆域广阔,常常需要在特殊环境下工作。长期在特殊环境,如高温、高原缺氧、寒冷、长期航海等条件下工作和训练,会对机体提出更高的要求,机体也会产生适应性变化,然而,一旦超过机体的代偿范围便会出现一系列不适,甚至出现病理性改变。已有少量文献对各种特殊条件下全身的主要改变进行了描述,但是针对肾脏在各种极端环境下所产生的代谢变化、代偿性改变及超负荷下的病理改变仍缺乏相关的总结,因此,本文重点对各种特殊环境下肾脏的代偿性改变及可能的损伤原因进行了总结和分析,并结合相关病理生理机制进行了肾脏防护措施的介绍。

China has a vast territory and often needs workers in a special environment.Working and training in a special environment(such as high temperature,plateau anoxia,cold,long voyage,and so on) will put forward higher requirements for the body,and the body will also have adaptive changes.However,once the compensation range of the body is exceeded,there will be a series of discomfort and even pathological changes.A small number of literatures have described the major changes of the whole body under various special conditions,but there is still a lack of related summary of the metabolic changes,compensatory changes and pathological changes of kidney under various extreme environments.Therefore,the compensatory modification of the kidney and the possible causes of injury in various special environments have been summarized and analyzed in present paper,and combined with the related pathophysiological mechanism,the related protective measures of kidney have also been introduced.