稻草还田浸泡时间对土壤养分及烟叶产质量的影响

Effects of Soaking Time on Soil Nutrients and Tobacco Yield and Quality in Rice Straw Returning

为福建三明烟区长期烟-稻轮作模式下稻草还田适宜浸泡时间的选择提供依据,研究稻草还田后浸泡60d、浸泡45d和浸泡30d对长期烟-稻轮作植烟土壤养分及烟叶产质量的影响。结果表明:稻草还田后土壤pH和有机质含量提高,且随浸泡时间的延长其效果更明显;烟田起垄前各处理土壤碱解氮含量均低于稻草还田前,浸泡60d土壤碱解氮含量低于浸泡45d和浸泡30d;土壤有效磷含量2015年随浸泡时间的延长呈逐渐升高趋势,2016年各处理间差异较小,略呈下降趋势;2015年和2016年土壤速效钾含量均呈增加趋势,2016年增幅更大。烟叶产量,2015年和2016年为浸泡30d>浸泡45d>浸泡60d,烟叶产值,2015年为浸泡30d>浸泡45d>浸泡60d,2016年为浸泡30d>浸泡60d>浸泡45d;不同浸泡时间处理烟叶产量、产值和单叶重2016年均低于2015年。综合看,稻草还田后浸泡45d左右较为适宜,浸泡时间太短不利于稻草腐解,浸泡时间过长不利于起垄前排水落干,具体浸泡时间应视当年的气候条件确定。

To provide a basis for selection of appropriate soaking time for straw returning to field under long-term tobacco-rice rotation mode in Sanming tobacco area of Fujian Province,the effects of 60 d,45 d and 30 d soaking on soil nutrients and tobacco leaf yield quality of long-term tobacco-rice rotation planting tobacco were studied.The results showed that the soil pH and organic matter content increased after straw was returned to the field,and the effect was more obvious with the extension of soaking time.The content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in the soil before ridge-rising was lower than that before straw returning to the field.The content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in the soil after 60 days of soaking was lower than that after 45 days and 30 days of soaking.In 2015,the available phosphorus content of soil showed a gradually increasing trend with the extension of soaking time.In 2016,there was a small difference in the content of soil between different treatments,showing a slightly decreasing trend.The available potassium content of soil showed an increasing trend in both 2015 and 2016,with an even greater increase in 2016.In 2015 and 2016,tobacco leaf yield was soaked for 30 days>45 days>60 days.In 2015,tobacco leaf output value was soaked for 30 days>45 days>60 days,and 30 days>60 days>45 days in 2016.The annual average yield,output value and single leaf weight of tobacco treated with different soaking times in 2016 were lower than that in 2015.Generally,it was more suitable to soak the straw for about 45 days after returning the straw to the field.The short soaking time was not conducive to the decomposition of the straw,and the long soaking time was not conducive to the drying of the water in the front row of the ridge.The specific soaking time should be determined according to the climatic conditions of the year.