学术资本视角下中世纪大学之源起

Origin of the Medieval Universities from the Perspective of Academic Capital

探寻中世纪大学因何产生,不但具有把握高等教育发展规律的历史价值,而且具有追问大学“从哪里来”的哲学意义。从学术资本视角看,高深知识获得商品的正当性,是中世纪大学产生的原点,知识如果不能成为商品,就不可能产生学者行会;基于知识交易的学者行会形成,是中世纪大学产生的起点,没有教师行会或学生行会,也就不可能存在教师型大学或学生型大学;高深知识在大学内外部的交换逻辑,是中世纪大学生存的支点,正是遵循道德规则的知识交换,为大学发展提供了强有力的经济、政治和社会支持。

Exploring how medieval universities came into being not only has the historical value of grasping the law of the development of higher education,but also the philosophical significance of asking "where are universities from".From the perspective of academic capital,we can see that the legitimacy of commodity acquired by advanced knowledge is the origin of medieval universities,and if knowledge cannot become a commodity,it is impossible to produce scholar guilds;the formation of scholars' guilds based on knowledge transaction is the starting point of medieval universities,and without teachers' guilds or students' guild,there would be no teacher-type or student-type universities.The exchange logic of advanced knowledge inside and outside the university is the survival fulcrum of medieval universities.It is the exchange of knowledge following moral rules that provides strong economic,political and social support for the development of universities.