金字塔底层创业的资本组合与绩效:基于城市外来工创业的多案例研究

The Entrepreneurial Capital Portfolio and Performance for the Entrepreneurs at the Bottom of the Pyramid: Based on a Multiple-case study of Migrant Workers’ Business-starting

金字塔底层创业是发挥底层活力解决贫困问题的新途径。相对于其他群体的创业,金字塔底层创业的难点在于资本不足。底层创业者如何跨越上述障碍是研究金字塔底层创业的首要问题。选取城市外来工人员作为研究对象,探讨底层创业人群的创业资本组合与创业绩效之间的关系以及资源拼凑和节约型创新在不同创业阶段的中介作用。通过研究三个城市外来工成功创业的典型案例发现:(1)在金字塔底层创业的资本组合中人力资本相对丰富,经济资本和社会资本相对缺乏。底层创业者利用相对丰富的人力资本来撬动经济资本和社会资本。(2)创业机会开发阶段,人力资本和社会资本影响到创业者资源拼凑的策略,资源拼凑又影响到创业者能否有效进行创业机会的开发。(3)创业成长阶段,底层创业者受到个人经验和经历、知识和技能等人力资本的影响,较多采用节约型流程创新来获得价格和成本方面的优势,而较少采用节约型产品创新,但这一创新方式能为创业者建立差别化的竞争优势。

Entrepreneurship at the bottom of the pyramid is a new way to exert the bottom vitality and tackle poverty.Compared with the entrepreneurship of other groups,the difficulty of starting up businesses for the workers at the bottom of the pyramid is the lack of capital.How the bottom entrepreneurs overcome such difficulty is the primary question to answer when making research of the bottom entrepreneurs’ business-starting.The paper targets the migrant workers in cities and discusses the relationship between the entrepreneurial capital portfolio and the entrepreneurial performance,and the mediating role the resource combination and the frugal innovation at different entrepreneurial stages.The study of the successful entrepreneurship of the migrant workers in 3 cities shows that,firstly,as for the capital portfolio,the bottom entrepreneurship owns relatively abundant human capital,while,lack of economic capital and social capital.The bottom entrepreneurs take use of the relatively abundant human capital to obtain economic capital and social capital.Secondly,at the stage of developing entrepreneurial opportunity,the human capital and social capital influence the entrepreneurs’ strategies about resource combination,and the resource combination influence entrepreneurs’ developing entrepreneurial opportunity.Thirdly,at the stage of entrepreneurial growth,influenced by such human capital as their personal experiences,knowledge and skills,the bottom entrepreneurs tend to adopt the frugal process innovation,while,not the frugal product innovation,to gain advantages from the price and cost,which can gain the entrepreneurs a differentiated competitive advantages.