非洲国家旅游收入与旅游竞争力的时空演变

Spatial-temporal Evolution of Tourism Income Level and Tourism Competitiveness in African Countries

非洲大陆具有丰富的旅游资源和多样的旅游形式,旅游业也被视作推动非洲大陆经济包容性增长的引擎之一。利用非盟和世界经济论坛公开数据,对非洲国家旅游收入水平和旅游竞争力进行测度,比较其时空演变特征,并用雷达图对其影响因素进行分析。研究发现:(1)非洲国家旅游收入水平与旅游竞争力的空间差异相似,都呈现出北非、南非和东非相对较高,中西非相对较低的格局。(2)整体上非洲国家的旅游竞争力与全球平均水平的差距在不断减小,非洲国家的旅游竞争力在不断提升。(3)非洲各国旅游收入水平的时空差异与其所处的地理环境、经济发展水平和历史文化背景,以及非洲各国对旅游业的重视程度有关,东非沿海国家的旅游收入水平增长最快。(4)非洲整体的旅游竞争力是较为落后的,尤其是在文化资源和商务旅行、国际开放度、航空设施、通讯设施和健康与卫生等方面。

Africa is rich in tourism resources and has diverse tourism,which is regarded as one of the engines promoting the continent s economy. Based on open data of the AU and the World Economic Forum , this study measured the tourism income level and tourism competitiveness of African countries, compared their spatial and temporal evolution, and used radar charts to analyze the influencing factors. The study found that:(1) The spatial differences of tourism income levels are similar to that of tourism competitiveness, both of which are relatively high in North Africa, South Africa and East Africa, and relatively low in Central and West Africa.(2) Generally speaking, the gap between the tourism competitiveness of African countries and the global average is decreasing, and the tourism competitiveness of African countries is improving.(3) The spatial and temporal differences of tourism income levels in African countries are related to their geographical environment, economic development level, historical and cultural background, as well as the importance attached to tourism by African countries. The tourism income level of coastal countries in East Africa has grown fastest.(4) Africa s overall tourism competitiveness is relatively backward, especially in terms of cultural resources & business travel, international openness, air transport infrastructure, ICT Readiness and health & hygiene.