白灵菇的营养成分测定及保健功能研究

Determination of nutritional components and study on health function of pleurotus nebrodensis

白灵菇是一种食、药两用的大型真菌,具有丰富的营养价值。介绍了白灵菇的产地及区域分布。白灵菇含有多种营养成分,还含有麦角淄醇、芳香族化合物等对人体有益的活性成分。阐述了白灵菇在抗氧化、免疫调节、抗肿瘤、抗辐射、降血脂等方面的保健功能。白灵菇菌丝体多糖(PNMP)对·OH-清除效果比较显著,具有较强的抗氧化作用。白灵菇多糖能够极显著地提高巨噬细胞的吞噬能力,提高血清中溶血红素含量并增强淋巴细胞增殖能力,具有增强人体免疫力、调节人体生理平衡的作用。白灵菇中提取的一种溶血蛋白具有很强的细胞毒性,可抑制肿瘤细胞增殖,对肝癌、胃癌、宫颈癌、乳腺癌等有很好的抑制作用。白灵菇中麦角固醇里的维生素D2等生物组分可减少胸腺和脾脏细胞凋亡,具有很好的抗辐射作用。白灵菇蛋白质、热水提取物和多糖成分可明显降低血浆总胆固醇和收缩压水平,具有抗高血压的功效。

Pleurotus nebrodensis is a kind of edible and medicinal fungi with rich nutritional value. The origin and regional distribution of pleurotus nebrodensis were introduced. Pleurotus nebrodensis contains a variety of nutrients, and also contains ergotzil, aromatic compounds and other active ingredients beneficial to human body. The health functions of Pleurotus eryngii in antioxidant, immune regulation, anti-tumor, anti-radiation and blood lipid lowering were expounded. The mycelial polysaccharide of pleurotus nebrodensis (PNMP) had a remarkable effect on ·OH - scavenging and had a strong antioxidant effect. Polysaccharide from pleurotus nebrodensis can significantly improve the phagocytosis ability of macrophages, the content of hemolysin in serum and the proliferation ability of lymphocyte. It can enhance human immunity and regulate human physiological balance. A hemolytic protein extracted from pleurotus nebrodensis has strong cytotoxicity, can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells, and has a good inhibition effect on liver cancer, gastric cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer, etc. Vitamin D 2 and other biological components in ergosterol of pleurotus nebrodensis can reduce the apoptosis of thymus and spleen cells, and have a good anti-radiation effect. Protein, hot water extract and polysaccharides from pleurotus nebrodensis can significantly reduce the levels of total cholesterol and systolic blood pressure, and have the effect of anti-hypertension.