金属增材制造零件变形研究现状

Review on the Thermal Distortion in Metal Additive Manufacturing

金属增材制造(也称为3D打印)被认为是制造业最有前景的技术之一,主要应用在航空航天领域,用于加工传统方法难以制备的大型复杂零件。该技术面临的一个关键瓶颈是零件的变形,这将严重影响零件的尺寸精度,甚至导致零件开裂而无法使用。首先介绍了研究增材零件变形的主要试验方法,明确了激光位移传感器及数字图像相关技术是研究瞬态变形的有效实验手段。然后介绍了变形预测的数值模拟方法,明确了热源模型、热边界条件及材料的力学性能本构是影响变形预测准确性的主要因素。最后总结了当前国内外变形快速计算方法的研究进展及发展动向。

Metal additive manufacturing (also known as 3D printing) is thought as one of the most promising technologies in manufacturing at the current state of the art, which has been applied in manufacturing large and complex metal components in aerospace and automotive industries, which cannot be manufactured by conventional methods. However, one of the critical bottlenecks faced by this technology is thermal distortion, which would influence the dimensional precision and even lead to cracking and unavailability of parts. This paper first introduced the main experimental methods for studying thermal distortion behaviors. Laser displacement sensor and digital image correlation method were thought as effective methods for studying transient distortion. Then the numerical simulation method for distortion prediction was introduced. It is clarified that the heat source model, thermal boundary conditions and mechanical properties of the material were the main factors affecting the prediction accuracy. Finally, the research progress and development trend of the high efficient distortion prediction methods were summarized and reviewed.