激光选区熔化成形装备的发展现状与趋势

Status and Prospect of Selective Laser Melting Machines

激光选区熔化成形是最有前景的增材制造技术之一,近些年来激光选区熔化成形装备得到了迅猛发展。针对激光选区熔化成形尺寸偏小、成形精度偏低等问题,重点介绍了大尺寸、高精度激光选区熔化成形装备的发展现状,综述了使用长焦距f-θ场镜、振镜移动和多光束拼接成形等大尺寸成形方法以及采用短焦距f-θ场镜+低功率激光器和增减材复合制造等高精度成形方法,对各方法的原理和特点进行了阐述。最后,从装备研发、成形质量控制、软件开发、标准体系建立等方面对激光选区熔化成形技术的发展进行了展望。

Selective laser melting (SLM) is one of the most promising additive manufacturing technologies. SLM machine has developed rapidly in recent years. Aiming at small forming size and unsatisfactory accuracy of SLM, this review mainly introduces the status of SLM machines with large forming size and high accuracy. Three approaches to expand the forming size, including using a f-θ lens with a long focal length, moving the scanner and multi-beam scanning, and two approaches to improve the forming accuracy, including adopting a low-power laser and a f-θ lens with a short focal length and additive/subtractive hybrid manufacturing, is summarized. The principles and characteristics of these approaches are discussed. Finally this paper gives outlook for the future development of selective laser melting from equipment development, forming quality control, software development and the establishment of standard system.