西部生源大学生学业表现的多维对比分析——基于B大学N学院学生的实证研究

A Multidimensional Comparative Analysis of the Academic Performance of College Students Coming from Western China:An Empirical Study based on Students from N College of B University

以有代表性的B大学N学院2015-2018级学生为样本,采用定性研究与定量研究相结合的多种实证研究方法,对东、中、西部生源学生的入学记录与大学学业表现进行多维对比分析,结果显示:高考成绩存在明显的地域差异,东部学生高考成绩优于中、西部学生,中、西部水平较为接近;西部生源学生在高等教育阶段的学业表现整体不如东、中部学生,且西部各地区学生的学业表现也存在自东向西逐步衰减的趋势;西部地区学生在学习态度、学习习惯、学业准备等学习行为上与东、中部学生有所差异,普遍存在学习心理压力较大、自我效能感较低、学业目标不明晰、学习过程有困难等问题;西部生源学生学业基础较弱,对后续高等教育环节的学业表现产生相应影响,但并不起决定作用。因此,基于当前区域经济发展水平存在差距且短期内难以消除的客观事实,面对西部生源学生基础教育薄弱的问题,除国家积极采取有效措施降低其与发达地区的教育差距外,高校应从西部学生学习实际出发,摸清西部学生实际学习行为与学习状态,在高等教育过程中通过有效措施促进基础教育学业水平地域差距的消减,并为其后续学业水平提升提供长足动力。同时,西部生源学生自身应从学习行为的角度反思如何提升学习能力,树立正确的学习态度,养成良好的学习习惯,积极发挥主观能动性,多方着力促进高等教育人才培养质量全面提升。

Taking representative class 2015-2018 students of B University N College as samples,a variety of empirical research methods combining qualitative research and quantitative research were used to compare the admission records and university academic performance of students from the eastern,central and western region. The results show that there are obvious regional differences in the scores of students’ college entrance examinations. The scores of students from the eastern are higher than those from the central and western,and the levels of the central and western students are relatively close. Besides,the university academic performance of western students( students from the western region) is not as good as that from the other two region,and the performance of students from western also tends to decline gradually from east to west in west regions. In addition,western students have different learning attitudes, study habits, and academic preparations from the eastern and central students. There are widespread problems such as high psychological pressure for learning,low self-efficacy,unclear academic goals,and difficulties in the learning process among students from the western. Thus,the weak academic foundation of students in western China has a corresponding impact on the academic performance of the follow-up higher education,but it does not play a decisive role.Therefore,based on the current regional economic development level and the objective facts that are difficult to eliminate in the short term,facing the problem of weak basic education of western students,in addition to actively taking effective measures to reduce the educational gap among different regions by the state,colleges and universities should learn form the actual situation of western students,find out the actual learning behavior and state of them,and promote the reduction of the regional gap in the basic education academic level through effective measures in the process of higher education,providing a great impetus for the improvement of its subsequent academic level. At the same time,western students should improve learning ability from the perspective of learning behavior,establish a correct learning attitude,develop good study habits,and actively exert subjective initiative,so that the quality of higher education personnel training can be improved.