高职生源质量拖累了就业质量吗——来自西部36所院校的数据

Does the Quality of Higher Vocational Student Resource Drag down the Quality of Employment: Data from 36 Colleges and Universities in the West

近年来,生源质量和就业质量成为高职院校高质量发展中急需面对的现实问题。本文通过对西部36所高职院校的实证考察,发现生源质量对就业质量有异质性影响,选择不同的指标和视角会得到迥异的结论,即高职生源质量未必拖累就业质量。具体而言,以"录取后报到率"为代表的生源质量,显著地提升了各个视角的就业质量,且"就好业"效应强于"好就业"效应;代表高分的"平均普通高考分数超省线比例"并未带来毕业生半年后就业率和月收入的提高,但有益于就业对口率;"第一志愿投档比例"对毕业生半年后月收入和就业对口率有正向作用,却不能显著地影响半年后就业率。基于上述讨论,提出赋予高职院校更多的招考自主权、严把培养质量、推动以产学合作为核心的内涵建设等建议。

In recent years,the quality of students and employment has become an urgent practical problem in the development of high-quality vocational colleges. Through the empirical study of 36 higher vocational colleges in western China,the results show that the quality of students’ sources has a heterogeneous impact on the quality of employment. Choosing different indicators and perspectives will lead to different conclusions,that is,the quality of students’ sources in higher vocational colleges does not necessarily affect the quality of employment. Specifically,the quality of students,represented by the "post-admission reporting rate",has significantly improved the quality of employment from all perspectives,and the "good job"effect is stronger than the "good employment"effect;the "average college entrance examination score exceeding the provincial line"which represents high scores has not brought about the improvement of the employment rate and monthly income of graduates six months later after graduation,but it is beneficial to the employment counterpart rate;and the "first voluntary contribution ratio"has a positive effect on the monthly income and employment rate of graduates after half a year,but it cannot significantly affect the employment rate after half a year. Based on the above discussion,some suggestions were put forward,such as giving higher vocational colleges more autonomy in admission,strictly controlling the quality of training,and promoting the connotation construction with the core of production-university cooperation.