壕堑战与领导权——晚年鲁迅参与文化实践的策略

Trench Warfare and Leadership:Strategies for Lu Xun's Participation in Cultural Practice in His Late Years

新文学之所以在五四之后的三十年文学场中一直处于优势话语地位,除了新文学本身处于现代性前沿,具有披坚执锐的先锋性之外,还在于新文学家们对掌握文化领导权重要性的充分认识并在文化实践中形成了一套行之有效的方法与策略。以20世纪30年代晚年鲁迅打"壕堑战"为实例,分析他在文化环境极其恶劣的情况下,在取得话语主动权和文化领导权方面所做的努力和示范作用,进而说明,鲁迅不仅为时人和后人提供了深刻的思想和优秀的文学作品,而且在文化实践和文化斡旋方面展现出韧性战斗精神,为现代文学史留下了宝贵精神遗产。

Why the new literature has been in the dominant position in the literary field for 30 years after the May 4th Movement is based on the following two reasons: 1) on the frontier of modernity, this genre is endowed with a pioneering spirit;2) the writers of this genre have come to a full understanding of the importance of mastering cultural leadership and formed an effective method and strategy in the cultural practice. Taking as an example Lu Xun’s “trench warfare” in the late 1930s, the paper analyzes Lu Xun’s efforts and demonstration in obtaining the initiative of discourse and the leadership of culture under the extremely terrible cultural environment;it then explains that Lu Xun not only provided deep thought and excellent liter- ary works for the people and the later generations, but also showed his resilient fighting spirit in the cultural practice and cultural mediation, leaving a valuable spiritual legacy for the history of modern literature.