我国周边国家“海洋基本法”的功能分析:比较与启示

Functional Analysis of the “Ocean Basic Laws” in China’s Neighboring Countries:Comparison and Implications

在我国周边国家之中,韩国、日本、越南和印度尼西亚先后制定了具有“海洋基本法”功能的相关立法。通过梳理四国立法的基本制度,可以发现其都具有对于国家海洋基本立场及主张的宣示功能,对国家涉海法律、涉海机构和涉海规划的统筹功能,对海洋经济及海洋开发的促进功能,对涉外海洋争端的执法活动赋予合法性的对抗功能。通过比较各国立法的功能可知,我国的“海洋基本法”应当是一部直面海洋争端和问题并在海洋领域发挥基础功能的综合性立法,其出台时机应充分考虑客观情势。

Among the neighboring countries of China, South Korea, Japan, Vietnam and Indonesia have successively formulated relevant marine legislation with the status or function of the “Ocean Basic Law”. After investigating the four countries “Ocean Basic Laws”,it is concluded that they all have the function of declaring national marine positions and propositions, coordinating national sea-related laws, institutions and plannings, promoting the country s comprehensive development of the marine economy and conferring legality on law enforcement activities for foreign maritime disputes. In comparison with the function of the above-mentioned legislations, China's “Ocean Basic Law” should be a comprehensive system that plays a fundamental role in the marine field. It should face up to these ocean disputes and issues, and its publishing timing should fully consider the domestic and foreign objective situation.