2012—2018年福建省部分地区番鸭临床病例细小病毒病病原检测

Pathogenic Detection of Parvovirus Disease in Clinical Cases of Muscovy Duck in Some Regions of Fujian Province during 2012 to 2018

为初步了解福建省番鸭细小病毒病流行情况,提出相应的防控方法,2012—2018年,在福州、莆田、漳州和三明4个主要番鸭饲养区18个固定养殖场,收集435例临床病例样品,进行番鸭细小病毒病(番鸭三周病和番鸭小鹅瘟)病原检测,分析病原感染状况。结果显示:2012—2018年,在435例临床病例中,检出番鸭细小病毒病病原阳性病例155例,阳性检出率为35.6%(155/435),其中番鸭三周病阳性病例102例,番鸭小鹅瘟阳性病例125例,两种病混合感染病例72例。2012—2014年,番鸭三周病病原检出率约为40.0%,2015年降至27.4%,2016—2018年降至5.0%以下,病原检出率大幅下降(P<0.01);2012—2018年番鸭小鹅瘟病原检出率在23.4%~34.9%之间,检出率下降不明显(P>0.05)。分析认为,2014年番鸭三周病商品疫苗的推广应用大大降低了三周病的临床发病率,使该病已非导致番鸭临床发病的主要因素;而对于番鸭小鹅瘟,因缺乏针对性的有效疫苗,防控效果不明显。因此,该地应继续加强番鸭三周病活疫苗的免疫,最终净化该病;而对于番鸭小鹅瘟,需做好综合防控,可免疫鹅细小病毒弱毒疫苗,控制临床发病,减少疫病造成的损失。

In order to preliminarily recognize the prevalence of parvovirus disease in Muscovy duck in Fujian Province and to put forward corresponding prevention and control measures,during 2012 to 2018,435 samples of clinical cases were collected from 18 designated farms in Fuzhou,Putian,Zhangzhou and Sanming(the main feeding regions for Muscovy duck).Further,the pathogens of parvovirus disease(three-week disease and gosling plague)were detected to analyze their infection status.It was found that,among the 435 clinical samples,155 samples were detected positive,with the detection positive rate of 35.6%(155/435),including 102 pathogen-positive cases for three-week disease,and 125 cases for gosling plague,72 cases for coinfaction of the two disieases.From 2012 to 2014,the detection rate of pathogens of three-week disease was about 40.0%,then decreased to 27.4%in 2015,and further dropped to less than 5.0%in 2016 to 2018,the detection rate declined sharply(P<0.01);from 2012 to 2018,the detection rate of gosling plague was 23.4%to 34.9%,which decreased slightly(P>0.05).Therefore,it was analyzed that the clinical incidence rate of three-week disease was greatly reduced by immunizing corresponding vaccines in 2014,which was no longer the main cause for Muscovy duck disease;however,gosling plague was not controlled effectively due to the lack of targeted vaccines.Therefore,the immunization against three-week disease should be continued until the disease was eradicated and purified.Besides,comprehensive control of gosling plague should be strengthened,such as by immunizing attenuated vaccines against parvovirus disease to control any outbreak of the disease and to reduce any losses.