特朗普政府的“退出主义”外交探析

An Analysis of the “Withdrawal Diplomacy” of the Trump Administration

自特朗普上台以来,美国退出多边条约和国际组织的现象频繁发生。特朗普的退出举动并非孤立现象,与美国历史上一贯的单边主义倾向和"美国例外论"传统密切相关,但也体现出抨击自由主义国际秩序、反对美国过度战略扩张、排斥多边贸易协定以及推卸全球治理责任等有别于二战后美国历届总统的发展变化。特朗普政府之所以频频退出多边条约和国际组织,深层次源于美国对既有国际制度认知的重大转变,根本上是为了迎合美国内选举政治和民意变化的需要,还与其本人的外交理念和执政风格密不可分。针对特朗普的退出举动,美国内不光忧虑,担心损害美国家利益和国际形象,冲击自由主义国际秩序。国际社会普遍持批判态度,认为这不利于既有国际秩序的稳定,也损害了国际组织的合法性和全球治理的有效性等。中国应客观理性看待特朗普的退出举动,并有针对性的做好应对之策。

Since taking office, the Trump administration has withdrawn from several important multilateral international treaties and organizations, whichare not isolated events, but closely associated with the historical tendencies of unilateralism and exceptionalism insisted upon by the US, reflecting changes from the previous US administrations characterized by lashing out at the liberal international order, opposing excessive strategic expansion by the US, rejecting multilateral trade agreements, and ridding off international governance responsibilities. The fundamental reason for the Trump administration to withdraw from so many multilateral treaties and organizations lies deeply in the fact that the US has made a major change to its cognition of the existing international systems, so as to meet the demand of its domestic election politics and the changing popular wishes, which also conforms to Trump’s diplomatic concepts and administrative style. These withdrawals have made many Americans worry that they will undermine America’s national interests and international image as well as affect the liberal international order. The international community is generally critical of these American moves, believing they will not only play havoc to the stability of the existing international order, but also undermine the legitimacy of the international organizations and the efficiency of global governance. China should take an objective, rational and scientific perspective in observing the withdrawals by the Trump administration, and get ready to face the consequences.