倾听与凝视:川滇边界纳人的族群认同与文化传统——基于达巴祭司口述史整理稿

Listening to and Looking into Ethnic Identity and Cultural Tradition of Na People between the Border of Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces:A Report of Oral History based on Fieldwork Interviews with Daba Priests

川滇边境的纳人在民族识别中分别划到纳西族与蒙古族中,这些分属不同民族的族群有着共同的文化认同与历史根基,而口述史无疑是探析这些文化传统的利器。在达巴们的口述史中,传承至今的岁时节庆、民俗传统、宗教仪式、神灵体系、口头传统(神话故事)无不表述着他们的历史与现实,这些文化传统不仅仅是“无夫无父”“走婚”“母系家庭”等文化标签所能代替的。倾听与凝视,是我者深入了解他者的必由途径。

Na People living between the border of Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces have been recognized as Naxi People and Mongolian People during the nationality census conducted in 1950s. In fact, these ethnic groups belonging to different nationalities share cultural identity and historical origins. Oral history provides undoubtedly an efficient approach to their cultural traditions. According to the data of oral history collected from fieldwork interviews, Daba priests’ narratives about seasons and festivals, customs and traditions, religious rituals, gods’ system, oral traditions (myths and legends) are all reflections of the history and reality of Na People. These cultural traditions are complex and, therefore, cannot be simply represented by labels like “without husbands or fathers”,“walking marriage”, or “matrilineal society”. Listening to the local voices of speakers and looking into the traditional narratives are inevitable paths for researchers to understand another ethnic culture.