肾嗜酸细胞瘤诊治的回顾性研究

Retrospective study of diagnosis and treatment of renal oncocytoma

目的:总结肾嗜酸细胞瘤的诊断及手术治疗经验,根据随访结果评价手术效果,研究最佳策略。方法:回顾性分析2003年12月至2016年4月的21例肾嗜酸细胞瘤患者,其中男4例、女17例,右侧10例、左侧11例,年龄15~80岁(平均58岁),肿物大小1.5~6.5cm(平均3.3cm),完善检查后根据肿物的大小及位置,分别采用腹腔镜肾部分切除术或腹腔镜根治性肾切除术。结果:所有患者手术顺利,17例行腹腔镜肾部分切除术(其中3例中转开放手术),4例行腹腔镜根治性肾切除术。手术时间75~275min(平均144min),出血量10~1000mL(平均115mL),术后住院时间6~13d(平均8.2d),组织病理检查结果为肾嗜酸细胞瘤。术后有17例获得随访,4例失访,随访时间12~175个月,平均44个月,有1例术后20个月去世,原因不详,其余16例随访无复发。结论:肾嗜酸细胞瘤为良性肿瘤,预后较好,增强CT是较为有效的诊断方法,通过影像归档和通信系统(picture archiving and communication systems,PACS)对肿瘤不同时期CT值的测量及与肿瘤旁肾组织CT值的比较,可能提高CT的诊断效能。腹腔镜手术是治疗肾嗜酸细胞瘤的有效方式,如条件允许,尽量选择肾部分切除术。

Objective: To summarize the experience of diagnosis and surgical treatment of renal oncocytoma, and to evaluate the surgical results based on follow-up results, in order to find the best strategy. Methods: In the study, 21 cases with renal oncocytoma from December 2003 to April 2016 in Peking University Third Hospital were retrospectively analyzed, including 4 males, and 17 females, with 10 cases on the right side and 11 cases on the left side. Their age was between 15 to 80 years (average: 58 years). Ultrasound or CT examination after admission was conducted. Ultrasound examination showed solid nodules. CT manifestations were solid masses with enhancement, and the tumor size was between 1.5 cm to 6.5 cm (average: 3.3 cm). Of the 21 cases, 9 were located in the middle of kidney, 7 were located in the upper pole, and 5 were located in the lower pole. After preoperative examination, according to the size and location of the tumor, laparoscopic partial nephrectomy or laparoscopic nephrectomy was performed, respectively. Results: All the operations were successful, in which 17 cases underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (including 3 cases which were converted to open surgery), and 4 cases underwent laparoscopic radical nephrectomy. The operation time ranged from 75 to 274 min (mean: 144 min), and the blood loss ranged from 10 to 1 000 mL (mean: 115 mL). The postoperative hospital stay time ranged from 6 to 13 d (average: 8.2 d). The pathological results were all renal oncocytoma. In the study, 17 cases were followed up while 4 cases were lost to follow-up. The follow-up time ranged from 12 to 175 months (mean: 44 months). One case died in 20 months after operation with unknown reason, and there were no recurrence or metastasis in the other 16 cases. Conclusion: Renal oncocytoma is a benign tumor with good prognosis. Enhanced CT is an effective diagnostic method in assistant examination, but it is difficult to differentiate clear cell carcinoma only from the naked eye. It is worthwhile to measure CT value at different stages of the tumor by picture archiving and communication systems (PACS), and to compare with CT value of adjacent kidney tissue may improve the diagnostic efficiency of CT. Laparoscopic surgery is an effective treatment for renal oncocytoma. We recommend laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for the patients with renal oncocytoma as the best choice if conditions permit.