唐古特莨菪中生物碱的分离鉴定与杀虫活性研究

Separation, identification and pesticidal activity of alkaloids from Anisodus tanguticus (Maxim.) Pascher

本文采用MCI柱层析、硅胶柱层析等天然产物分离方法,从唐古特莨菪地上部甲醇粗提物中分离得到了2个莨菪烷类生物碱单体。通过化合物特征反应,质谱、碳谱和氢谱数据,并结合相关文献报道鉴定了其结构,分别为樟柳碱和山莨菪碱。采用微量点滴法和玻片浸渍法测定了2种生物碱对甘蓝蚜等6种常见蚜虫和朱砂叶螨等4种常见叶螨处理24 h的触杀活性,结果表明,樟柳碱对豆蚜、棉蚜、麦长管蚜和山莨菪碱对棉蚜具有较强的触杀活性,处理24 h的LC 50依次为0.495、0.429、0.881和0.404 mg/mL,其活性均高于对照药剂鱼藤酮或与其相当,相对毒力分别为鱼藤酮的1.246、1.017、1.168和1.078倍;樟柳碱对朱砂叶螨、二斑叶螨和山莨菪碱对朱砂叶螨、二斑叶螨具有较强的触杀活性,处理24 h的LC50依次为0.484、0.446和0.331、0.430 mg/mL,其活性均高于鱼藤酮,相对毒力分别为鱼藤酮的1.136、1.154和1.662、1.198倍。

Two tropane alkaloid compounds were isolated from the methanol crude extracts of Anisodus tanguticus(Maxim.)Pascher aerial parts by macro porous and silica gel column chromatography methods.Combined with related literature reports,they were identified as anisodine and anisodamine based on the compound characteristic reaction and data of MS,NMR carbon and hydrogen spectrum.The 24 hours contact toxicity of two alkaloids against six species of common aphids such as Brevicoryne brassicae,and four species of common leaf mites such as Tetranychus cinnabarinus were determined by topical application and dipping method respectively.The results showed that the LC 50 value of anisodine against Aphis craccivora,A.gossypii,Sitobion miscanthi and anisodamine against A.gossypii for 24 h were 0.495,0.429,0.881 and 0.404 mg/mL,respectively.The contact toxicity was higher than or equivalent to than that of rotenone,and the relative toxicity were 1.246,1.017,1.168 and 1.078 times of rotenone,respectively;the LC 50 value of anisodine and anisodamine against T.cinnabarinus,T.urticae for 24 h were 0.484,0.446 and 0.331,0.430 mg/mL,respectively.Its contact activity was also stronger than that of rotenone,and the relative toxicity were 1.136,1.154 and 1.662,1.198 times of rotenone,respectively.