互助县设施蔬菜施肥现状调查研究

Investigation on Current Situation of Greenhouse Vegetable Fertilization in Huzhu County

对互助县典型农业区26个种植黄瓜、番茄和辣椒的农户进行施肥情况调查。结果表明,目前农户缺乏施用有机肥意识,设施蔬菜栽培以施用化学肥料为主。互助县设施蔬菜区氮、磷、钾养分总投入量分别达597、4644、779kg/hm^2,土壤养分投入过大,磷肥尤为突出,低钾和不施钾的现象严重。每季黄瓜、番茄、辣椒N∶P2O5∶K2O平均为1∶1.51∶0.19,养分比例失衡,养分结构不合理。施入土壤的养分中,磷素养分存在大量盈余,平均盈余量为1231kg/hm^2;其次为氮,平均值为885kg/hm^2。黄瓜和辣椒设施土壤氮、磷盈余较大,对其少量补充氮、磷养分将能满足下季蔬菜的需求,实现节约资源、降低成本、提高经济效益的现代化高效农业。

A survey on the fertilization of 26 farmers who planted cucumbers,tomatoes and peppers in a typical agricultural area of Huzhu County was studied.The results showed that farmers were currently lacking the awareness of applying organic fertilizer,and the cultivation of greenhouse vegetables was mainly based on the application of chemical fertilizers.The total input of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the vegetable area of Huzhu County reached 597 kg/hm^2,4 644 kg/hm^2 and 779 kg/hm^2.The soil nutrient input was too large,and the phosphate fertilizer was particularly prominent.The phenomenon of low potassium and no potassium application was serious.The average ratio of N∶P2O5∶K2O in cucumber,tomato and pepper was 1∶1.51∶0.19,the nutrient ratio was unbalanced,and the nutrient structure was unreasonable.Among the nutrients applied to the soil,there was a large surplus of phosphorus nutrients,the average surplus was 1 231 kg/hm^2,followed by nitrogen,with an average of 885 kg/hm^2.The soil nitrogen and phosphorus surplus in cucumber and pepper facilities was large,and a small amount supplementing nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients would be able to meet the harvest of vegetables in the next season,and realize modern and efficient agriculture that could save resources,reduce costs and improve economic benefits.