《日本外史》公武关系论考——日本近世后期尊皇论的一个侧面

The Relationship between Samurai Class and Royal Family in Nihon Gaishi——One Aspect of the Theory of Respecting Mikado in the Later Mid-Age of Japan

日本近世的尊皇论是通过神皇正统论和儒学君臣论两大理论体系构建的,赖山阳的《日本外史》借鉴吸收了《资治通鉴纲目》的君臣有道、纲常有序修史思想,通过春秋笔法和大义名分论为尊皇理论提供了坚实的史实基础。通篇记述武家兴衰的《日本外史》,描绘了武家受公家委命而替天子及皇室代理执政的图景,以武家“尊皇勤王”为主线贯穿始末,这种虚构的公家拥有名分而武家掌握实权的关系,造就了赖山阳独特的尊皇思想。本文从《日本外史》的文脉出发,探究武家政治时期公家与武家之间的特殊关系,分析武家各执政时代致使公武关系的变化要素及影响,进而探究日本近世后期尊皇论的一个侧面。

The theory of respecting Mikado in early modern Japan was constructed through the two theoretical systems of Mikado Orthodoxy and Confucian theory of monarch and minister. Nihon Gaishi was based on the thought of compiling history in an orderly way, which was assimilated from Zi Zhi Tong Jian Gang Mu. Nihon Gaishi chronicles the rise and fall of the Samurai Class. It provides a solid historical basis for the theory of respecting the emperor by means of Chunqiu brushwork and the theory of Great Nominal Division."Nihon Gashi" depicts an image of Samurai Class being appointed by the nobility governing country, replacng the place of Mikado and royal family. Using clues of noble "Great Righteousness" and Samurai's duty of respecting and protecting Mikado in ideology, Nihon Gaishi decribes a relationship between nobility who has fame and Samurai controlling military, resulting in Rai Sanyo's unique thought of respecting and protecting Mikado. According to Nihon Gaishi's context, this ariticle aims to explore the special relationship between nobility and Samurai in a period of Samurai Politics, analyse factors leading to relationship change in Samurai Politics'era and influence, then learn a side desricption of view of respecting Mikado in the early modern times.