面向可持续发展:法国中小学环境教育的政策与实践探析

Toward the Sustainable Development:An Analysis on the Policies and Practice of Environmental Education in Primary and Secondary Schools in France

面向可持续发展的环境教育是法国中小学教育的重要组成部分。1977年以来,法国中小学环境教育经历了起始、发展与普及阶段,截至目前,已经形成较为完整的环境教育体系,并成为法国可持续发展战略的重要环节。为了普及环境教育,法国政府出台了一系列环境教育战略,将环境教育纳入政策法规,规定环境教育的目标、内容,同时对较好地施行环境教育的中小学进行认证。法国中小学环境教育的实践模式将环境教育渗入现行课程中,并结合校内与校外的环境活动进行环境教育。虽然法国中小学环境教育在教育模式的结构改善以及可持续发展的内容整合方面有待提升,但依然在提高青少年的环境素养、培养合格的未来公民中起到了重要作用。

Environmental education for sustainable development is an important part of French primary and secondary education. Since 1977, environmental education in primary and secondary schools in France has gone through the stages of beginning, development and popularization. At present, a complete environmental education system has been formed and has become an important part of French sustainable development strategy.In order to popularize environmental education, the French government has issued a series of environmental education strategies that incorporate environmental education into policies and regulations, stipulating the goals and contents of environmental education, and giving recognition to the elementary and middle schools doing better in implementing environmental education. Primary and secondary schools in French infiltrate the contents of environmental education into the current curriculum, conducting environmental education with the environmental activities within and outside school. Although the environmental education in French primary and secondary schools still needs to be improved in teaching methods and the integration of the contents of sustainable development, it plays an important role in enhancing young people’s environmental literacy and cultivating qualified future citizens.