20世纪50年代中国渔民行政区置废初探

Research on Setting and Repealing of Fishery Administrative Divisions of China in the 1950s

20世纪50年代我国进行了一系列的行政区划调整,以发动渔民进行民主改革为目的而在中南地区、华东地区设置的诸多渔民行政区即属此类。渔民行政区又名水上行政区,正式定名于1952年中共中央下达的《关于渔民工作的指示》中。在相关城市设立市辖区"水上区",在沿湖地带"按湖设治",在沿海地带以港口为中心设立渔民县、渔民区、渔民乡。本文对"水上区"和渔民县进行了政区置废的过程复原。按湖设治的洪湖县、微山县和洪泽县,沿海地带因港设治的洞头县、定海县、岱山县、普陀县、嵊泗县、珠海县得以延续至今,震泽县、雷东县、石岛县、大衢县、舟山县已被撤销。渔民行政区的置废是行政区划改革的有益尝试。

In order to launch fishermen to carry out democratic reforms, Fishery Administrative Divisions were established in the South Central and East China when a series of administrative division adjustments were executed in the 1950 s. In 1952, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Instructions on Fishermen's Work", and commanded that setting up Fishery Counties, Fishery Districts and Fishery townships, and setting up Water Districts in multiple cities. This article performed a process restoration which is from Water Districts and Fishery Counties' setting to repeal. Zhenze(震泽) county, Leidong(雷东) county, Shidao(石岛) county, Zhoushan(舟山) and Daqu(大衢) county were repealed. Honghu(洪湖) county, Weishan(微山) county, Hongze(洪泽) county, Dongtou(洞头) county, Dinghai(定海), Daishan(岱山) county, Putuo(普陀) county, Shengsi(嵊泗) and Zhuhai(珠海) county continue to nowadays. These cases reflect the government's functional transformation model which is "Control-administer" model.