2016年淄博市部分初中生视力低下健康干预效果评价

Evaluation on health intervention effects of low vision among some junior middle school students,Zibo city,2016

目的了解淄博市初中生视力低下的现状,为进一步完善眼健康教育和行为干预策略提供科学依据。方法2016年4月采取分层整群抽样方法,在淄博市某区随机抽取4所初中学校,选择基础条件相似的2所学校进行分组,对干预组学生进行为期1学期和1学年的健康干预,对照组不作处理。结果淄博市初中生视力低下患病率为67.86%。初中生是否认真做眼保健操、在强光和弱光下看书、每天玩手机和看电视时间小于1h、参加户外活动等,其视力低下患病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或<0.05)。干预后学生视力知识知晓水平显著提高,2组在身体与桌沿的距离、看电视时眼睛与屏幕的距离与屏幕对角线长度关系等问题正答率方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),且长期组在手指离笔头的距离、近视原理、晶体操原理、近视镜类型以及真性近视和假性近视划分这5道题的正答率均高于短期组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论淄博市初中生视力低下患病率较高。

Objective To understand the status of low vision among junior middle school students in Zibo city,so as to provide scientific basis for improving health education and developing behavior intervention strategies. Methods Stratified cluster sampling method was used to randomly select 4 junior middle schools in a district of Zibo city in April 2016.The schools were divided into 2 groups by similar conditions.The students in the intervention group accepted health intervention for 1 semester or 1 academic year respectively,while the control group was not treated. Results The prevalence of low vision among junior middle school students in Zibo city was 67.86%.There were statistically significant in the prevalence of low vision between whether do eye exercise seriously,reading in bright light and weak light,using phone and watching TV <1 h and outdoor activities(P<0.01,P<0.05).Health education can improve the awareness of low vision related knowledge significantly.There were significant differences in the correct answer rate in questions "the distance between the body and the table" and "the relationship between the distance of eyes and TV screen and screen diagonal length" after intervention(P<0.01).The long-term intervention group had higher correct answer rate in questions "distance of the finger from the head of the pen", "the principle of myopia", "the principle of crystalline lens exercise", "categories of myopic glasses" and "the division between true and false myopia" than the short-term intervention group with statistically significant difference(P<0.01). Conclusion The prevalence of low vision among junior middle school students in Zibo city is high.