过敏原特异性IgE抗体检测对慢性荨麻疹的诊断价值

Application value of allergen-specific IgE antibodies detection for diagnosis of patients with chronic urticaria

目的探讨血清特异性免疫球蛋白E(IgE)抗体检测在慢性荨麻疹患者过敏原检测中的意义。方法选取昌吉州人民医院皮肤科门诊确诊的200例慢性荨麻疹患者作为慢性荨麻疹组,100例健康人群作为健康对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)定性检测慢性荨麻疹组的血清特异性IgE抗体,采用免疫印迹试验定量检测所有受检者的血清特异性IgE抗体水平,并对患者就诊时的症状严重程度进行评分。采用线性相关分析法分析血清特异性IgE抗体水平与患者症状评分之间的关系。结果 ELISA检测结果显示,200例慢性荨麻疹患者共检出225个过敏原,其中花粉过敏阳性率最高(占20.89%)、其次为尘螨(占14.67%)、牛奶(占14.22%)、鸡蛋(占14.22%)。免疫印迹试验检测,慢性荨麻疹组患者的血清IgE抗体水平明显高于健康对照组(×10^3 U/L:3.25±1.66比0.22±0.05,P<0.05);线性相关分析结果显示,慢性荨麻疹组血清特异性IgE抗体水平与荨麻疹的症状体征积分呈明显正相关(r=0.693,P=0.000)。结论血清特异性IgE抗体检测对判断慢性荨麻疹患者过敏原具有重要价值,同时血清特异性IgE抗体水平与荨麻疹病情严重程度有关。两项检测项目对慢性荨麻疹患者的预防、评估以及治疗都有重要的临床诊断价值。

Objective To investigate the significance of serum specific immunoglobulin E(IgE) antibody detection in the allergen detection of patients with chronic urticaria. Methods Two hundred outpatients with chronic urticaria diagnosed in the Dermatology Department of Changji People’s Hospital were selected as a chronic urticaria group. 100 healthy people were assigned in a healthy control group. The serum specific IgE antibodies in chronic urticaria group were detected qualitatively by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and Western blot assay was used to quantitatively detect serum specific IgE antibody levels in all subjects. The severity of patients’ symptoms at the initial time of treatment was evaluated and scored. The relationship between serum specific IgE antibody level and symptom score was analyzed by linear correlation analysis. Results The ELISA results showed that a total of 225 allergens were detected in 200 patients with chronic urticaria, among that the positive rate of pollen allergy was the highest(20.89%), followed by dust mites(14.67%), milk(14.22%) and eggs(14.22%).Western blotting test results revealed that the serum IgE antibody level of chronic urticaria group was significantly higher than that of healthy control group(×10^3 U/L: 3.25±1.66 vs. 0.22±0.05, P < 0.05);the linear correlation analysis showed that the serum specific IgE antibody levels of chronic urticaria group were significantly positively correlated with the symptom and sign scores of patients’ urticaria(r = 0.693, P = 0.000). Conclusions Serum specific IgE antibody detection has important value in determining the allergens in patients with chronic urticaria.Meanwhile, the serum specific IgE antibody level is positively correlated to the severity of urticaria. The two tests have important diagnostic value for the prevention, evaluation and treatment of chronic urticaria patients.