琵琶湖国定公园法律制度及对我国国家公园立法的启示

Biwako Quasi-National Park Legal System and Enlightenment to China’s National Park Legislation

国家公园是我国自然保护地的最重要类型之一,但现有的法律制度存在分散性、非协调性等问题,不利于实现其有效保护和合理利用。琵琶湖国定公园在日本自然公园中极具代表性,表现出以《自然公园法》为核心的法律体系、“差异化”功能分类、“阶梯式”分区管控和“地域制”统一管理等特点,对我国国家公园立法具有重要启示。我国应该尽快出台综合性专门立法,完善配套法规,实施分类分区管理制度,并采取统一化管理模式,合理划定管理职权。

Biwako Quasi-National Park is very representative in the Japan Nature Park.Its“Natural Parks Act”as the core legal system and important features of the legal system,such as“differentiated”functional classification,“stepped”zoning management and“regional system”unified management,have important implications for China s national park legislation.Drawing on the experience of Biwako Quasi-National Park,China should establish special comprehensive legislation and improve the supporting laws and regulations as soon as possible.There is also a need to implement a classification and zoning management system,adopt a unified management model for rationally delimiting management authority.