对业余少体校举重训练损伤的调查

Investigation on weightlifting training injuries in amateur sports schools

业余体校是我国竞技体育人才储备的重要机构,是我国体育和教育的重要组成部分。采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法、逻辑分析法和数理统计法研究业余体校举重训练损伤现状。对少体校的45名举重运动员的训练损伤进行调查,调查结果显示损伤的多发部主要是肩膀,腰部,肘关节,膝关节,腕部。背部损伤的几率相对较少,损伤原因主要是专业技术动作存在问题,局部肌肉力量的不足和对准备活动不足,欠缺科学的训练体系。建议训练中要做足充分的准备活动,加强对相关肌肉,骨骼肌的力量训练,训练后要及时对局部乃至全身肌肉的放松,预防和减少运动损伤。

Amateur sports schools are an important institution for the reserve of competitive sports talents and an important part of sports and education in China. By using the methods of literature, questionnaire, interview, logical analysis and mathematical statistics, this paper studies the current situation of weightlifting training injury in amateur sports schools. The training injuries of 45 weightlifters in major sports schools were investigated. The results showed that the most common injuries were shoulder, waist, elbow, knee joint and wrist. The risk of back injury is relatively small. The main causes of back injury are the problems of professional and technical movements, insufficient local muscle strength and inadequate preparatory activities, and lack of scientific training system. It is suggested that adequate preparatory exercises should be done in training, and strength training of related muscles and skeletal muscles should be strengthened. Local and whole muscles should be relaxed in time after training, so as to prevent and reduce sports injuries.