村务监督委员会制度的局限与拓展——写在后陈村村务监督委员会诞生15周年之际

The Deficiency and Expansion of Village Affairs Supervision Committees System

村务监督委员会制度是一项"需求-回应"型创新,核心内容可归纳为:党的领导、分权制约、全程监督、信息沟通、制度规范。其实质是一种独特的农村基层权力调控机制,对遏制农村基层腐败具有重要作用,但制度设计存在一些局限。在当前的村务监督委员会制度实践中,存在着农村基层事务的复杂性与村务监督委员会权限的有限性、农村基层监督制度的系统性要求与"碎片化"现实、农村基层监督的有效性要求与村务监督委员会的监督力不充分等重要矛盾,降低了农村基层监督的有效性。新时代农村基层监督在未来发展中应认真回应现实矛盾与问题,依据国家政策的新导向实现三个拓展:一是拓展监督主体,建构农村基层的多元共监格局;二是拓展监督方式,形成权力监督、制度规范、道德调控相结合的农村基层监督体系;三是拓展监督对象,实现农村基层治理主体和事项的全覆盖。

The village affairs supervision committees system is innovated based on requirement. The main principle are leadership of CCP, decentralized restriction, whole-process supervision, information communication, system specification. This supervision system in essence is a special power control system of rural grass-roots, and it plays a unique role in curbing rural grassroots corruption. In the implementation of the current village affairs supervision committee system, there are some important contradictions, such as the complexity of rural grass-roots affairs and the limitation of the authority of the village affairs supervision committee, the systematic requirements of the rural grass-roots supervision system and the reality of "fragmentation", the validity requirements of the rural grass-roots supervision and the insufficient supervision of the village affairs supervision committee. It reduces the effectiveness of rural grass-roots supervision. In the new era, it is necessary to explore an effective way respond to practical problems, to expand the system of supervision according to the national policy trend: the expansion of subjects to form the multiple structure of supervision subject;the expansion of methods to form the rural supervision system combined with power supervision, system specification and moral regulation;the expansion of objects to make rural governance subjects and affairsall be involved.