摘要
个体家庭及其成员生存与发展离不开社会承载体。近代之前,宗族、邻里、村落、社区及特定的“会”与“社”是与个体家庭具有功能关系的主要承载体,新中国成立以来,土地改革及之后实行了 25年的集体经济组织成为向农村个体家庭及其成员提供就业、生活资料、困难救助、医疗服务及子女基础教育的综合承载体;城市家庭则以单位制的家属区及其邻里为基本依托,子女入托、接受基础教育也以就近为主。然而,农村集体经济组织解体之后,宗族组织缺少重建的条件,劳动力逐渐开始大规模向非农领域转移,邻里、宗族对个体家庭的承载功能弱化。2000年之后,商品房小区成为城市居民家庭承载体的主导形式,而子女入托、接受义务教育和养老这些家庭所需在新建小区的社区层级供给不足;邻里关系出现“虚化”现象,家庭成员难以从中获得实质性帮助'由于家庭承载体建设与民众生活质量、基层社会治理密切相关,因此,这一问题也就成为一个需要重视的理论和实践问题。
The survival and development of individual families and their members are inseparable from social supporting bodies. Before modern times, clans, neighborhoods, villages, communities and specific "meetings" and "societies" were the main supporting bodies with functional relationships with individual families. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the land reform and the collective economic organizations that were implemented for 25 years became a comprehensive supporting body to provide employment, living materials, assistance, medical services and basic education for rural individual families and their members, while for urban families, the residential areas around workplaces and their neighbors are the basic support. However, after the disintegration of the rural collective economic organizations, the labor force gradually began to shift to non-agricultural sectors on a large scale. The supporting function of neighborhoods and clanships is weakening. Since 2000, commercial housing communities have become the dominant supporting body of urban residential households, but they fail to provide sufficient supply in kindergartens, compulsory education and the aged nursing;relationships between neighbors exist in name, from which family members are difficult to get substantial help. Since the construction of supporting bodies for families is closely related to the quality of life of the people and the social governance at the grassroots level, it has become a theoretical and practical issue that needs attention.
出处
《江苏社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第4期52-65,258,共15页
Jiangsu Social Sciences
