不同施氮水平下固氮菌肥对甘蔗的应用效果试验

Effect of Azotobacter Fertilizer on Sugarcane under Different Nitrogen Levels

探讨固氮菌肥在不同施氮水平下对甘蔗产量和蔗糖品质的影响,明确固氮菌肥的最佳施氮范围,试验设5个处理,CK为常规尿素追量900kg/hm^2,固氮菌浸种的A、B、C、D处理中,尿素追量分别为630、540、450、360kg/hm^2;调查各处理的甘蔗农艺性状、产量性状、蔗茎产量及蔗糖品质表现。与CK相比,A、B、C、D处理下,甘蔗分蘖率减少9.72%~16.61%、并随施氮量的减少而减少、差异显著。同时甘蔗产量增加0.58%~5.34%、处理间差异不明显;尿素追量540~630kg/hm^2内,固氮菌肥对甘蔗施用的综合效果最佳。固氮菌肥与适量氮肥配施,可以提高肥料利用率、延长肥料作用时间,促进甘蔗生长,增加和稳定产量,减少化肥施量,降低生产成本和增加收入,达到减肥增效的效果。

The effects of azotobacter fertilizer on sugarcane yield and sucrose quality under different nitrogen levels were explored to identify the range of optimal application rate of azotobacter fertilizer and then provide a theoretical basis for application of this fertilizer in sugarcane production. Five treatments were arranged in this experiment, including CK treatment with 900 kg/ha for conventional application of urea and A, B, C, D treatments with 630, 540, 450, 360 kg/ha of urea, respectively, following soaking of sugarcane seed stems with azotobacter. Agronomic traits, yield, cane yield and sucrose quality of sugarcane under treatments were investigated. The tiller rates in the A, B, C and D treatments decreased by 9.72%-16.61% along with the decrease of nitrogen application, and were significantly different from that in the CK treatment. The yield increased by 0.58%-5.34%, which was not significantly different among the treatments. The sugarcane had best comprehensive properties when treated with azotobacter fertilizer together with urea at the rate ranging from 540 kg/ha to 630 kg/ha. Application of azotobacter fertilizer together with proper rate of nitrogen could increase the utilization rate of fertilizer, extend the time of fertilizer efficiency, promote the growth of sugarcane, increase the yield, reduce the application rate of chemical fertilizer, lower the production cost and increase the income, and achieve the effect of low fertilizer and high efficiency.