航天器充放电效应与防护研究进展

Research Progress in Charging-discharging Effects and Protection of Spacecraft

目前,随着我国"神舟"载人航天计划、探月工程、空间站等航天重大任务的逐步推进,航天器在发射和轨道运行过程中的充放电效应已成为航天器的重要电磁危害源,而充放电效应及防护技术研究是关系航天器可靠性和安全性的重要问题之一,因此,该文从充放电效应对航天器的危害、航天器充放电机理、充放电效应防护技术等方面重点阐述研究进展,在综合分析航天器充放电效应及防护面临的新问题和新特点的基础上,对航天器充放电效应及防护研究的发展方向进行了展望。分析结果表明:航天器充放电效应与防护技术的研究热点集中在新环境、新技术、新平台、新要求及新载荷带来的航天器充放电新机理和新技术研究,而下一步重点研究工作主要有航天器充放电地面多源综合化模拟技术、充放电效应在轨监测技术、航天重大任务中充放电效应防护以及空间静电应用技术等,这些技术为提升航天器在轨安全性和可靠性提供了技术支撑。

At present, Chinese "Shenzhou" manned space program, lunar exploration project, the station space program,etc have made a great progress, thus charging and discharging effects during launch and orbit operation have become an important source of electromagnetic hazards to spacecraft, the study on these effects and their protection is one of important tasks affecting the reliability and safety of the spacecraft. Consequently, we discuss some aspects of spacecraft electrostatic hazards research,including the hazards of charging and discharging effects to spacecraft, mechanism of charging and discharging effects, and protection technology. Based on system analysis of some new problems and new research demand of spacecraft, the research prospect and development trend are expounded. The results show that the research of spacecraft charging-discharging effects and their protection focuses on new theory and technology, new environment, new technology, new platform, new requirements, and new load. The next key research contents will include ground multi-source integrated simulation technology, on-orbit monitoring technology, new electrostatic effects and new electrostatic application in the space, and these new technologies can provide support for the reliability and safety of the spacecraft.