先秦饮食“和”审美观念的发展及其演变

The Development and Evolution of “Harmony” in the Aesthetic Conception of the Pre-Qin Dynasty Diet

中国美学“和”的审美观念,最初源自原初先民的饮食祭祀活动,并逐步演化成为中国古典美学最重要的审美表征。立足于先秦先民饮食活动,“和”审美观念的发展和演变集中体现在两个方面:“五味调和”之美与“礼乐之和”的审美意蕴。“五味之和”通过展现先秦时期饮食活动场景,解析“甘”与“美”的内在联系;“礼乐之和”通过解析先秦先民“礼-天地-阴阳-四时-鬼神-君主-政教命令-礼仪”模式来阐释“和一礼一乐一德”的结构升华。“以和为美”展现了中华民族审美观的独特基因,深刻影响了中国古典美学的审美意识以及文艺创作,亦为中国古典美学奠定了坚实的哲学基础。

The aesthetic conception of"harmony"(和)in Chinese aesthetics originally came from the dietary sacrifice activities of our ancestors and evolved into the most important aesthetic symbol of the classical Chinese aesthetics.Based on the dietary activities of our ancestors in the pre-Qin dynasty, the development and evolution of the aesthetic conception of"harmony"was mainly displayed in two aspects: the beauty of"five flavors being in harmonious proportion"and the aesthetic implication of"the harmony between rites and music"."Five flavors being in harmonious proportion"analyzed the internal linkage between"pleasantness"and"beauty"by presenting the scenario of dietary activities in the time of pre-Qin dynasty;"the harmony between rites and music"interpreted the structural sublimation of"harmony-rites-music-virtue"by investigating the pattern of"rites-Tiandi-Yinyang-Sishi-spirits-monarchs-political and religious orders-protocols"."Taking harmony as beauty"demonstrates the exceptional gene in the aesthetic conception of the Chinese nation, and has deeply influenced the aesthetic sense in the classical Chinese aesthetics as well as provided solid philosophical foundation for the classical Chinese aesthetics.