打捆密度和堆垛方式对天然草地青干草化学成分和真菌毒素的影响

Effects of baling density and stacking method on chemical composition and mycotoxin levels of native hay

为研究打捆密度和堆垛方式对干草化学成分和真菌毒素的影响,采用2×3因子裂区设计,打捆密度作为主处理因子(A),A1为160kg·m^-3和A2为120kg·m^-3,堆垛方式作为副处理因子(B),B1交叉堆垛、B2纵向堆垛和B3横向堆垛,进行天然草地青干草贮藏试验。结果表明,打捆密度对粗灰分(Ash)、干物质(DM)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)、T-2毒素(T-2)和赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)含量均没有显著影响(P>0.05),对酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、粗蛋白质(CP)、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)和玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)含量影响显著(P<0.05),高密度草捆中ADF、DON和ZEN含量显著低于(P<0.05)低密度草捆,CP含量显著高于(P<0.05)低密度草捆。堆垛方式对Ash、DM、ADF、NDF、CP、DON、AFB1、T-2和OTA含量均无显著影响(P>0.05),对ZEN含量影响显著(P<0.05),高密度草捆中ZEN含量显著低于(P<0.05)低密度草捆。且打捆密度和堆垛方式交互作用对干草化学成分和真菌毒素存在正效应。打捆密度可以显著改善天然青干草的化学成分和真菌毒素含量;堆垛方式对干草的化学成分和真菌毒素有一定的改善;打捆密度和堆垛方式交互作用对干草品质和真菌毒素均有显著影响。综合比较干草化学成分和真菌毒素含量,在内蒙古锡林浩特地区,天然草地青干草打捆密度160kg·m^-3,采用交叉堆垛贮藏干草效果最佳。

The major constraint for forage storage is chemical composition and mycotoxin.To study the effects of baling density and stacking method on chemical composition and mycotoxin levels of native hay,a randomized split-plot experiment (2×3 factors) was carried out.Baling density as the primary factor and stacking method as the secondary factor was used.The primary factor was 160 and 120 kg·m^-3,the secondary factor was cross-stacking,vertical-stacking and transverse-stacking.Baling density was the main plot factor and sacking method was the subplot factor.For baling density,no significant differences were found for hay dry matter (DM),ash (Ash),neutral detergent fiber (NDF),aflatoxin B1 (AFB1),T-2 toxin (T-2) or ochratoxin A (OTA)(P>0.05).However,acid detergent fiber (ADF),crude protein (CP),deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) did differ significantly with baling density (P<0.05).For stacking method,there were no significant differences in Ash,DM,ADF,NDF,CP,DON,AFB1,T-2 and OTA (P>0.05).However,there was a significant difference between stacking methods for ZEN levels in the hay (P<0.05).In summary,baling density,and stacking method did significantly change hay chemical composition and mycotoxin levels.The optimal combination from this experiment in Xilinhot,was a baling density of 160 kg·m^-3 with cross-stacking of bales.