大学生手机依赖与抑郁症状及其社会支持效应修饰作用

Prevalence of and correlation between problematic mobile phone use and depressive symptoms and modification effect of social support on the correlation among college students

目的了解高校大学生手机过度使用与抑郁症状流行现况,分析二者的关联并探索社会支持对其效应修饰作用。方法选取安徽医科大学3个学院共1 265名大一~大四年级学生作为研究对象,采用青少年手机使用依赖自评问卷、抑郁自评量表、青少年社会支持量表分别调查手机依赖、抑郁症状和社会支持状况,采用χ^2检验分析不同特征群体之间的差异,采用logistic回归方法分析手机依赖与抑郁症状的关联。结果大学生手机依赖、抑郁症状的检出率分别为25.4%(321/1 265)和40.8%(516/1 265)。大学生高社会支持检出率为26.3%(333/1 265),高主观支持、高客观支持和高支持利用度检出率分别9.3%(118/1 265)、28.2%(357/1 265)和29.2%(370/1 265)。在不同家庭经济情况、学习成绩、朋友数目组间,手机依赖、抑郁症状和社会支持检出率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归模型结果显示,手机依赖是大学生抑郁症状的危险因素,而社会支持是抑郁症状的保护因素。在控制性别、年龄、家庭所在地、自评家庭经济条件、学习成绩、朋友数目后,相比于低社会支持组,高社会支持组手机依赖与抑郁症状的关联更小;这一关联在主观支持、客观支持和支持利用维度呈一致趋势。结论大学生手机依赖和抑郁症状呈正向关联,社会支持在二者关联中起效应修饰作用。

Objective To describe the prevalence of problematic mobile phone use,social support and depression symptoms among college students in China,and to analyze the relationship between problematic mobile phone use and depression symptoms and the modification effect of social support on the relationship.Methods We conducted an anonymous questionnaire survey among 1 265 students selected with cluster sampling in three schools of Anhui Medical University between March and April 2016.The Self-Rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use(SQAPMPU),Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)and the Adolescent Social Support Scale were applied in the survey.Chi-square test was adopoted to evaluate differences in the prevalence of problematic mobile phone use,high social support and depression between different groups.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between problematic mobile phone use and depression symptoms.Results The detection rate of problematic mobile phone use and depression symptoms were 25.4%(321/1 265)and 40.8%(516/1 265),respectively.Of all the participants,333(26.3%)reported high social support;118(9.3%),357(28.2%),and 370(29.2%)reported perceived,objective,and utilization of high social support.The detection rate of problematic mobile phone use,depression symptoms and high social support differed by family economic condition,academic record,and number of friends significantly(P<0.05 for all).The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that problematic mobile phone use was a risk factor for depression symptoms,while high social support was a protective factor against depression symptoms.The correlation between problematic mobile phone use and depression symptoms was less strong among the participants with high social support(including perceived,objective and utilization of social support)than among those with low social support after adjusting for sex,age,residence before attending university,self-rating family economic condition,and the number of friends.Conclusion Problematic mobile phone use is positively associated with depression symptoms and the correlation could be modified by social support in college students.