D型肉毒毒素蛋白仿生矿化颗粒灭鼠剂的研制及特性分析

Preparation and Characterization of D Type Botulinum Toxin Protein Biomimetic Mineralized Rodenticide

[目的]探索提高D型肉毒毒素蛋白对环境温度的耐受性,降低害鼠胃肠内容物对毒素蛋白的破坏强度的仿生矿化工艺,为扩大D型肉毒毒素灭鼠剂适用鼠种及使用范围提供技术依据。[方法]釆用先进的仿生矿化技术对D型肉毒毒素进行矿化保护,筛选出D型肉毒毒素仿生矿化颗粒加工工艺流程。利用生物法测定了不同温度下矿化毒素颗粒的热稳定性及口服致死性(LD50)。[结果]D型肉毒毒素矿化样品的保存期比对照组明显延长,毒力损失显著降低;矿化毒素对害鼠肠内容物破坏的抵抗力明显降低。矿化毒素颗粒对高原覇鼠、高原鼠兔、小白鼠的口服礙性最小致死量分别为5200、8600、25000MLD/kg;矿化毒素颗粒对2种害鼠的致死性及适口性良好。[结论]采用仿生矿化技术可极大地提高D型肉毒毒素的热稳定性,降低靶动物胃肠内容物对D型肉毒毒素的破坏作用,经矿化处理后的毒素不仅可用于草原害鼠种群密度的控制制剂,而且可拓展至城市鼠害的防治应用,同时该研究对于毒素蛋白物质的保护方法提供了新的思路。

[Aims] In order to expand the scope of use of D-type botulinum toxin rodenticide,exploring the biomimetic mineralization process to improve the tolerance of D-type botulinum toxin protein to environmental temperature and reduce the destruction intensity of gastrointestinal contents of toxins.[Methods] The advanced biomimetic mineralization technology was used to protect the botulinum toxin type D,and the process flow of the D-type botulinum toxin biomimetic granule was screened.The thermal stability and oral lethality(LD50) of mineralized toxin particles at different temperatures were determined by biological methods.[Results] The shelf life of mineralized samples of botulinum toxin type D was significantly longer than that of the control group,the toxicity loss was significantly reduced,and the resistance of mineralized toxin to the destruction intensity of intestinal contents was significantly enhanced.The minimum lethal dose of mineralized toxin particles to plateau zokor,plateau pika and mice was 0.52 ×104,0.86 ×104 and 0.25 ×104 MLD/kg,respectively.The lethality and palatability of mineralized toxin particles to the pests were good.[Conclusions] The biomimetic mineralization technology can greatly improve the thermal stability of botulinum toxin type D and reduce the damage of gastrointestinal contents to botulinum toxin type D.The mineralized toxin can be used not only for the population density of grassland rodent,and can be extended to the prevention and treatment of urban rodent pests.At the same time,the research provides a new idea for the protection of toxin protein substances.