不同水氮管理下麦茬杂交稻氮磷钾吸收和转运及其与产量的关系

The uptake and transfer of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and their relationship with the yield in wheat stubble hybrid rice under different management of water and nitrogen

以杂交稻F优498为材料,设置不同灌溉方式(淹灌、干湿交替灌溉)和氮肥运筹(总氮150kg/hm2,基肥、蘖肥、穗肥的质量比分别为4:4:2(T1)、3:3:4(T2)、2:2:6(T3),以不施氮为对照),研究水肥耦合对麦茬杂交籼稻茎叶氮、磷、钾吸收和转运影响及其与产量形成的关系.结果表明:与淹灌相比,干湿交替灌溉有利于抽穗期和成熟期茎叶氮、钾及成熟期穗部和植株钾积累,并随氮肥后移量的增加,抽穗期茎叶、成熟期穗部和植株磷、钾积累呈先增后降趋势;淹灌能明显促进磷积累,且随着氮肥后移量的增加,茎叶的氮、磷、钾积累提高;干湿交替灌溉能够明显提高茎叶的氮、钾转运量及转运贡献率,增加穗粒数、结实率和千粒质量,促进增产;适宜氮肥后移增产显著,T2较T1、T3增产9.09%、6.48%(淹灌)和11.24%、11.05%(干湿交替灌溉).干湿交替灌溉,总施氮量为150kg/hm2,基肥、蘖肥、穗肥的质量比为3:3:4时,麦茬杂交籼稻的增产效果最好.

To investigate the effects of water-nitrogen management on nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) uptake and translocation of stem-sheath and leaf of rice and their relationships with grain yield, we applied two water management and three nitrogen management on the wheat stubble hybrid indica rice cultivar F You 498.The two water management was submerged irrigation and alternating dry-wet irrigation and the nitrogen managements was 150 kg/hm2 of nitrogen application rates with three nitrogen management-the ratio of the basal fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and panicle fertilizer were 4∶4∶2(T1), 3∶3∶4(T2) and 2∶2∶6(T3), respectively-as well as the control without nitrogen application. Compared with submerged irrigation, alternating dry-wet irrigation was in favor of improving N and K accumulation in stem-sheath and leaf of rice at the heading stage and maturity stage, and improving K accumulation in panicle and total K accumulation of plants at the maturity stage. The P and K accumulation in stem-sheath, leaf and plants showed increased first and then decreased with postponing N fertilizer. However, the P accumulation could be improved in submerged irrigation. Meanwhile, the N, P, K accumulation in stem-sheath and leaf of rice were increased with postponing N fertilizer in submerged irrigation. The alternating dry-wet irrigation could significantly enhance the N and K translocation amount and translocation conversion rate of rice, and improve spikelet number per panicle, seed-setting rate, 1 000-grain weight and grain yield. With the nitrogen managements, the grain yield of rice in T2 treatment could be increased by 9.09%, 6.48%(submerged irrigation) and 11.24%, 11.05%(alternating dry-wet irrigation) than T1 and T3 by suitably postponing N application. The higher grain yield of rice could be achieved through the ration of basal fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and panicle fertilizer was 3∶3∶4 combined with 150 kg/hm^2 of nitrogen application rates in alternating dry-wet irrigation.