价值形式理论与货币的生成逻辑——从马克思到宇野学派的价值形式理论演进史评析

The Research of the Theoretical History from Marx to Uno School about the Theory of Value——Form and Formational Logic of Money

不同于《资本论》现行版在价值形式论中导出了货币形式,《资本论》第一版提出了一个无法导出货币形式的“第四种形式”,尽管《资本论》的两版在这一点上具有差异,但两版其实都肯定了单凭“颠倒的逻辑”是无法推出货币的生成,货币的生成还需要“排挤的逻辑”来得到说明。因此,交换过程论就具有对价值形式论而言的重要理论补充作用。以宇野弘藏、山口重克为代表的日本学者,将商品所有者的欲求关系纳入到价值形式理论中来,将交换过程论和价值形式论合并,创立了“行动论”的价值形式理论。但在这一理论视角下为多数人所共同欲求的商品的出现本身只是一个偶然的事情,货币生成的必然性没有得到理解。小幡道昭和冈部洋实超越了“行动论”的价值形式理论框架,他们通过对价值形式的分析分别得出了商品交换过程中存在的“他律性”和“自律性”的性质,从而为理解货币生成的逻辑提供了新的思路。

In the first edition of Capital,Marx discussed the fourth form of value,which is very different from what Marx had discussed in the current edition of Capital.However,in either edition of Capital,Marx affirmed that we cannot understand the formation of money without the logic of exclusion,which should be explained in the theory of Exchange.On the contrary,Uno Kozo and Yamaguchi Shigekatsu tried to bring the demands of commodity owners into the theory of value-form,so as o combine the theory of value-form and the theory of exchange.In this way they created a kind of theory of value-form based on human action.But in this theory,the formation of money can only be understood as a process by accident.Obata Michiaki and Okabe Hiromi improved Uno Kozo's theory and created the theories of value-form based on the viewpoint of heteronomy and autonomy.In this way,they provided new ideas in understanding the formation of money.