中国制造业空间分布特征及其变化:全球化、经济集聚和经济政策

Spatial Distribution and Determinants of China’s Manufacturing Industry:Globalization,Economic Agglomeration and Economic Policy

基于数据分析了中国制造业产业的空间分布特征及其变化,探索了全球化、经济集聚和经济政策因素对中国制造业经济地图的影响。结果表明:经济地理和新经济地理因素不断推动经济活动向中国东部地区集中,中国的制造业就业主要集中于东部省份地区,东、中、西部依次递减;近年来,随着拥挤效应的加强和平衡地区间发展政策效果的显现,制造业空间分布呈现轻微的离散趋势;不同技能水平行业的空间分布模式变迁存在显著差异,相比于低技能水平的制造业,高技能行业向东部地区集中的趋势更强,没有呈现出地区间收敛的趋势。

This paper analyzes the spatial distribution of China’s manufacturing industry, and explores the roles of globalization, economic agglomeration and economic policy in the evolution of China’s economic map. We find that manufacturing employments are highly concentrated in east China provinces due to economic geography and new economic geography factors. Shares of manufacturing employments in central and western regions are lower. In recent years, with stronger congestion effects and policies emphasizing a more balanced way of development between regions, a trend of spatial dispersion in manufacturing activities appears. However, there are significant differences in the spatial distribution patterns of industries with different skill levels. Compared with low skill manufacturing industries, high skill industries remain highly concentrated in the eastern region, and there is no trend of regional convergence.