二元分割体制下城镇劳动力市场中的工作流动及其收入效应

Job Mobility and Its Income Effects under System Segmentation in Urban China

基于中国家庭追踪调查两期数据(CFPS2010、2012)和动态研究视角,本文系统分析和讨论了当今体制二元分割下的劳动力市场状况,以及由此产生的工作流动的发生机制及其经济后果,提出体制分割成为影响劳动力市场机会结构和经济后果不平等的重要集体性中介因素。体制对工作流动产生了三方面的影响:体制的稳定性效应,即为其成员提供内部庇护,从而降低体制内工作流动率;体制的收入效应,即与体制外流动相比,体制内工作流动会导致更高的收入增长;体制的壁垒效应,即体制阻止和排斥体制外的劳动力发生跨体制流动,从而影响工作流动的方向。经过使用倾向值匹配、IPTW等统计技术控制样本选择性后,分析结果显示,体制分割的这三方面效应均呈显著影响,且结果稳健。本文将体制分割与工作流动过程相结合,探讨体制对劳动力市场分割的动态作用,有助于更全面地理解当前劳动力市场中的分层与流动现状。

Analyzing longitudinal data from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS 2010 and 2012) from a dynamic process perspective, this paper systematically discusses job mobility patterns and their economic consequences in China’s dual system segmentation labor market. We propose that the system segmentation becomes an important collective mechanism shaping mobility opportunity structure and rising economic inequality in the labor market. The system has three effects on job mobility: 1) Stability effect: The system provides internal protection for its members;job shifts are less likely to occur inside the system than outside the system. 2) Income effect: Job changers gain higher income growth in the system than outside the system. 3) Entrenchment effect: The system becomes an invisible boundary and hinders entry into the system. These three effects of the system segmentation on job mobility are significant and robust, even after we consider selectivity. This paper combines system segmentation and workflow processes to explore the dynamic effect of the system on the labor market structure, which helps to better understand the stratification in China’s current labor market.