晚唐五代敦煌地区的水神崇拜

Water God Worship in Dunhuang Area in Late Tang and Five Dynasties

敦煌由于特殊的地理环境,水对农业生产和民众生活有着非同寻常的意义,风调雨顺对民众生产生活至关重要。晚唐五代敦煌地区,水神崇拜对象多样而广泛,在敦煌文献和壁画中多有表现,有泉神、张女郎神、风伯、雨师、雷神、龙王等。值得注意的是敦煌解梦占卜类文书中与水相关的内容,其所蕴含的吉祥、富贵或灾殃、凶祸的解释,从另一个角度体现了敦煌地区民众浓厚的水崇拜倾向。这种崇拜现象的生成与盛行,与敦煌的地理气候环境、敦煌的历史地理位置、唐宋民间信仰的兴盛不无关系。

Due to the special geographical environment of dunhuang, water is of extraordinary significance to agricultural production and people's life, and favorable weather is of vital importance to people's production and life. In the Dunhuang area of the late Tang and Five Dynasties, water god worship objects were diverse and extensive, which were manifested in Dunhuang documents and murals, such as spring god, Zhang Nulang god, Fengbo, Yushi, Thunder god, Dragon King and so on. What is worth noting is the water-related content in Dunhuang dream-interpretation and fortune-telling documents. The explanation of auspice and riches or calamitise and disasters contained in these documents reflects the strong water worship tendency of Dunhuang people from another perspective. The formation and prevalence of this worship phenomenon has something to do with the geographical climate environment of Dunhuang, the historical geographical location of Dunhuang, and the prosperity of folk beliefs in tang and song dynasties.