外来物种红火蚁入侵生物学与防控研究进展

Research progress of invasion biology and management of red imported fire ant

截至 2019 年,我国大陆发现红火蚁 Solenopsis invicta Buren 发生危害已经 15 年了。在有关部门/机构的支持下,围绕着种群控制理论和技术,华南农业大学红火蚁研究中心坚持开展红火蚁相关基础研究和防控应用工作。本文系统总结了我国大陆红火蚁入侵、传播和扩张的时空规律,阐明了红火蚁暴发灾变的生物学基础和规律以及入侵对农业生态系统的影响,明确了其入侵优势和生态学效应,阐释了红火蚁的化学防治理论基础;介绍了监测技术体系、检疫除害技术体系和应急防控、根除与治理技术体系的创建,以及推广应用。研究成果可为我国红火蚁的防治提供重要科技支撑与保障。

As of 2019, it has been 15 years since red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren) was found in China's Mainland. With the great attention and support from the government and other institutions, our research center has focused on the basic research and application study on the theory and technology of fire ant management. Through systematic researches, the temporal and spatial regulations of fire ant invasion, spread and expansion in China's Mainland were revealed. The biological basis, regulations and impact of fire ant outbreak on agro-ecosystem were clarified, and its invasive advantages and ecological effects were presented. The theoretical basis for chemical control of fire ant was explained, and monitoring system, quarantine system, and emergency control, eradication and management system were established and widely applied. The results provide scientific and technological supports and guarantee for the control and management of fire ants in China.